Sex differences and developmental stability in genetic and environmental influences on psychoactive substance consumption from early adolescence to young adulthood.
Sex differences and developmental stability in genetic and environmental influences on psychoactive substance consumption from early adolescence to young adulthood.
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DOI：
10.1017/s003329171000259x
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发表时间：
2011-09
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Kendler, K. S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baker, J. H.;Maes, H. H.;Larsson, H.;Lichtenstein, P.;Kendler, K. S.
遗传和环境因素在物质使用的病因学中很重要。然而，人们对这些因素在整个发展过程中的稳定性知之甚少。我们的目的是回答关于这一病因学的三个关键问题，这些问题从未在一项研究中得到解决：（1）从青春期早期到成年早期是否普遍容易受到物质消费的影响？ (2) 如果是这样，遗传和环境对这种脆弱性的影响是否会随着发展而变化？ (3) 这些发育过程在男性和女性中是否不同？受试者包括来自瑞典儿童和青少年发展双胞胎研究的 1480 对双胞胎，他们自 1994 年以来一直受到跟踪。对 13-14 岁、16-17 岁和 19-20 岁的前瞻性、自我报告的经常吸烟、酒精中毒和非法药物使用情况进行了评估。使用 Mx 程序进行结构建模。一个潜在的共同因素解释了三个年龄组吸烟、饮酒和非法药物消费之间的关联。共同的遗传和共同的环境影响表现出显着的连续性。一般来说，随着参与者年龄的增长，共同环境的影响会减弱，遗传效应的影响变得更加物质特异性。本报告回答了物质使用病因学中的三个重要问题。物质消费的遗传和环境风险部分是通过共同因素介导的，部分是物质特定的。从发展的角度来看，共同遗传效应稳定性的证据最强，而遗传创新的证据较少。这些过程在男性和女性中似乎是相同的。
Genetic and environmental factors are important in the etiology of substance use. However, little is known about the stability of these factors across development. We aimed to answer three crucial questions about this etiology that have never been addressed in a single study: (1) Is there a general vulnerability to substance consumption from early adolescence to young adulthood? (2) If so, do the genetic and environmental influences on this vulnerability change across development? (3) Do these developmental processes differ in males and females ? Subjects included 1480 twin pairs from the Swedish Twin Study of Child and Adolescent Development who have been followed since 1994. Prospective, self-reported regular smoking, alcohol intoxication and illicit drug use were assessed at ages 13–14, 16–17 and 19–20 years. Structural modeling was performed with the program Mx. An underlying common factor accounted for the association between smoking, alcohol and illicit drug consumption for the three age groups. Common genetic and shared environmental effects showed substantial continuity. In general, as participants aged, the influence of the shared environment decreased, and genetic effects became more substance specific in their effect. The current report answers three important questions in the etiology of substance use. The genetic and environmental risk for substance consumption is partly mediated through a common factor and is partly substance specific. Developmentally, evidence was strongest for stability of common genetic effects, with less evidence for genetic innovation. These processes seem to be the same in males and females.