Biomimetic Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies
Biomimetic Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies
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DOI：
10.1002/anbr.202000047
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发表时间：
2021-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Emily H. Powsner;Jenna C. Harris;E. S. Day
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Emily H. Powsner;Jenna C. Harris;E. S. Day
血液恶性肿瘤是一种普遍的癌症，起源于骨髓中异常的造血干细胞（hsc）。由于这些细胞分化产生所有类型的血细胞，它们的突变和/或异常分化导致广泛的疾病和并发症。目前治疗血液恶性肿瘤的方法包括化疗和HSC移植，这两种方法都会产生有害的副作用，患者必须忍受，最终结果往往是死亡。因此，迫切需要寻找治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤的替代方法。研究人员最近开始探索使用仿生纳米疗法来治疗这些癌症并减轻其副作用，并取得了可喜的结果。仿生纳米颗粒（NPs）通过各种技术模仿自然发生的结构，如细胞，以避免免疫识别和靶定在体内的特定位置；通过利用细胞表达的“自我识别”分子及其独特的归巢能力，仿生NPs可以将治疗货物精确地运送到患病细胞，同时最大限度地降低毒性风险。在此，几种仿生纳米药物被研究作为血液恶性肿瘤的治疗方法进行了回顾，并提供了对这种方法作为治疗策略的未来的看法。
Hematologic malignancies are a prevalent group of cancers that originate from abnormal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow. As these cells differentiate to produce all blood cell types, their mutation and/or abnormal differentiation results in a wide range of diseases and complications. Current treatments for hematologic maligancies include chemotherapy and HSC transplants, both of which engender detrimental side effects that the patient must endure, and the end result is still often death. Thus, there exists a dire need for alternative methods to treat hematologic malignancies. Researchers have recently begun to explore the use of biomimetic nanotherapeutic to treat these cancers and mitigate their side effects, with promising results. Biomimetic nanoparticles (NPs) imitate naturally occurring structures such as cells through various techniques to avoid immune recognition and target specific locations in the body; by exploiting cells’ expression of “self‐recognition” molecules and their unique homing abilities, biomimetic NPs can deliver therapeutic cargo precisely to diseased cells while minimizing risks of toxicity. Herein, several biomimetic nanomedicines are reviewed that are investigated as treatments for hematologic malignancies and offers perspective on the future of this approach as a therapeutic strategy.