The Context-Dependent Effects of Host Competence, Competition, and Pathogen Transmission Mode on Disease Prevalence
The Context-Dependent Effects of Host Competence, Competition, and Pathogen Transmission Mode on Disease Prevalence
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宿主能力、竞争和病原体传播模式对疾病患病率的环境依赖性影响
DOI：
10.1086/715110
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Duffy, Meghan A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cortez, Michael H.;Duffy, Meghan A.
全球范围内，群落生物多样性正在发生变化，包括宿主-病原体群落中宿主物种的增加和减少。宿主多样性的增加可导致焦点宿主的感染流行率增加（放大）或减少（稀释）。然而，目前尚不清楚是什么一般规则支配着环境依赖效应，部分原因是具有不同传播模式的病原体理论在很大程度上是独立发展的。利用双宿主模型，我们探讨了第二宿主的病原体传播模式和特征（疾病能力和竞争能力）如何影响焦点宿主的疾病流行。我们的工作表明，如何统一病原体与环境传播、密度依赖直接传播和频率依赖直接传播的理论。我们的工作还确定了关于宿主和病原体特征如何影响扩增/稀释的一般规则。例如，高能力寄主促进扩增，除非它们是强大的种间竞争者；强大的种间竞争者促进稀释，除非它们是新感染的主要来源；除非种间宿主竞争足够强烈，否则频率相关的直接传播比密度相关的直接传播更容易发生稀释。我们的工作有助于解释病原体和第二宿主的特征如何影响焦点宿主的疾病流行。
Biodiversity in communities is changing globally, including the gain and loss of host species in host-pathogen communities. Increased host diversity can cause infection prevalence in a focal host to increase (amplification) or decrease (dilution). However, it is unclear what general rules govern the context-dependent effects, in part because theories for pathogens with different transmission modes have developed largely independently. Using a two-host model, we explore how the pathogen transmission mode and characteristics of a second host (disease competence and competitive ability) influence disease prevalence in a focal host. Our work shows how the theories for pathogens with environmental transmission, density-dependent direct transmission, and frequency-dependent direct transmission can be unified. Our work also identifies general rules about how host and pathogen characteristics affect amplification/dilution. For example, higher-competence hosts promote amplification, unless they are strong interspecific competitors; strong interspecific competitors promote dilution, unless they are large sources of new infections; and dilution occurs under frequency-dependent direct transmission more than density-dependent direct transmission, unless interspecific host competition is sufficiently strong. Our work helps explain how the characteristics of the pathogen and a second host affect disease prevalence in a focal host.