How children and adults learn to intercept moving gaps
How children and adults learn to intercept moving gaps
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jecp.2013.12.006
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发表时间：
2014-06-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Plumert, Jodie M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chihak, Benjamin J.;Grechkin, Timofey Y.;Plumert, Jodie M.
我们使用身临其境的虚拟环境来检查儿童和成年人如何学习拦截移动的差距，以及儿童和成年人是否从实践的多样性中受益。儿童(10岁和12岁)和成年人试图不停车地在两个移动的车辆大小的街区之间骑自行车。在实验1中，对积木的运动进行了计时，如果参与者保持恒定的速度，他们将拦截积木之间的间隙。在最后一组十字路口，成年人学会了在接近十字路口的整个过程中保持恒定的速度，12岁的孩子在拦截街区时表现出的空闲时间的变异性较小，10岁的孩子在交叉路口组中表现出没有显著的变化。在实验2中，对前八个交叉口的区块运动进行了计时，参与者需要在所有交叉口加速或减速，或者需要在一半交叉口加速和减速。在最后四个路口，所有年龄段的人都遇到了一种新的堵车时间，在这种情况下，不需要调整速度来拦截堵车。成年人表现良好，无论他们经历的是一致的还是可变的区块计时。处于可变状态的10岁儿童在减速实验中的表现好于他们在减速条件下的同龄人，但在加速实验中的表现比他们在加速条件下的同龄人差。讨论的重点是复杂知觉-行动任务中依赖知觉可用和记忆信息的可能发展变化。(C)2014 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。
We used an immersive virtual environment to examine how children and adults learn to intercept moving gaps and whether children and adults benefit from variability of practice. Children (10-and 12-year-olds) and adults attempted to bicycle between two moving vehicle-size blocks without stopping. In Experiment 1, block motions were timed such that if participants maintained a constant speed, they would intercept the gap between the blocks. By the last set of intersections, adults learned to maintain a constant speed throughout the approach to the intersection, 12-year-olds exhibited less variability in time-to-spare when they intercepted the blocks, and 10-year-olds exhibited no significant change across intersection sets. In Experiment 2, block motions during the first eight intersections were timed such that participants needed to either speed up or slow down on all intersections or needed to speed up on half and slow down on half of the intersections. On the last four intersections, all age groups encountered a novel block timing in which no adjustment in speed was necessary to intercept the blocks. The adults performed well regardless of whether they experienced consistent or variable block timings. The 10-year-olds in the variable condition performed better on slow-down trials than their peers in the slow-down condition but performed worse on speed-up trials than their peers in the speed-up condition. Discussion focuses on possible developmental changes in reliance on perceptually available and remembered information in complex perception-action tasks. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.