Weed diversity and weed management
Weed diversity and weed management
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DOI：
10.1017/s0043174500092985
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发表时间：
1997-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Dekker, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dekker, J
农业的故事就是杂草干扰的故事。经过数千年的杂草控制，我们仍然有杂草。这种情况使许多种植者观察到“杂草总是获胜。”杂草如此成功的最重要原因之一是它们的生物多样性。生物多样性是单个杂草物种在邻居存在下并通过占据农业生态系统中的物理空间而经历斗争的不可避免的结果。杂草通过适应和占据农业生态系统中剩余的生态位来响应种植系统的实践而进化。在进化过程中，我们的种植实践所产生的力量导致了我们今天观察到的杂草多样性。多样性在几个重要方面是杂草管理的基础。植物至少以五种不同的方式体验其邻居之间的多样性。杂草以多种方式适应农业生态系统的选择：（1）物种内的通用变异； (2)植物部位的体细胞多态性； (3) 在不同的栖息地微型站点中取得成功； (4) 社区内的时间适应； (5)群落的植物区系多样性水平高于物种。在此，杂草多样性是在更广泛的背景下讨论的，即由于组织较低级别的各个组成部分的活动而出现的群体行为。还讨论了多样性对杂草管理的影响。存在根据杂草和作物多样性差异制定管理策略的潜力。这些策略可以通过杂草属和表型多样性的表征来制定；增强作物、种植系统和农业生态系统的多样性；以及杂草种群空间分布的表征。
The story of agriculture is the story of weed interference. After millennia of weed control we still have weeds. This situation has led many growers to observe that ''the weeds always win.'' One of the most important reasons weeds are so successful is their biodiversity. Biodiversity is an inevitable consequence of the struggle an individual weed species undergoes in the presence of neighbors, and by occupying a physical space in an agroecosystem. Weeds have evolved in response to cropping system practices by adapting and occupying niches left available in agroecosystems. Forces created by our cropping practices over evolutionary time have led to the weed diversity we observe today Diversity underlies weed management in several important ways. A plant experiences diversity among its neighbors in at least five different ways. Weeds have adapted to selection in agroecosystems in several ways: (1) generic variants within a species; (2) somatic polymorphism of plant parts; (3) success in diverse habitat microsites; (4) temporal adaptations within the community; and (5) floristic diversity of a community at higher levels than the species. Herein, weed diversity is discussed in this broader context, in terms of population behaviors that emerge as a consequence of the activities of individual components at lower levels of organization. Diversity is also discussed in terms of its implications for weed management. The potential exists to develop management strategies based on differences in weed and crop diversity. These strategies might be developed by characterization of weedy generic and phenotypic diversity; enhancement of crop, cropping system, and agroecosystem diversity; and characterization of the spatial distribution of weed populations.