Mitochondrial DNA replication: a PrimPol perspective.
Mitochondrial DNA replication: a PrimPol perspective.
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DOI：
10.1042/bst20160162
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发表时间：
2017-04-15
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Doherty AJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bailey LJ;Doherty AJ
PrimPol（primase-polymerase）是最新发现的真核生物聚合酶，在细胞核和线粒体DNA的维持中发挥作用。PrimPol能够充当DNA聚合酶，具有延伸引物的能力，并且还绕过各种氧化和光损伤。此外，PrimPol还具有引发酶的功能，以锌指依赖性方式催化DNA引物的优先形成。虽然PrimPol的催化活性已经在体外被发现，但我们仍然对它如何以及为什么靶向于DNA分子以及它在维持这种多拷贝DNA分子中的关键作用知之甚少。与核DNA不同，哺乳动物线粒体基因组是环状的，细胞器具有许多对其维持至关重要的独特蛋白质，呈现出PrimPol必须发挥作用的不同环境。在这里，我们讨论了目前已知的DNA复制的机制，进行这些过程的蛋白质，以及PrimPol如何可能参与协助这一重要的细胞过程。
PrimPol, (primase–polymerase), the most recently identified eukaryotic polymerase, has roles in both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA maintenance. PrimPol is capable of acting as a DNA polymerase, with the ability to extend primers and also bypass a variety of oxidative and photolesions. In addition, PrimPol also functions as a primase, catalysing the preferential formation of DNA primers in a zinc finger-dependent manner. Although PrimPol's catalytic activities have been uncovered in vitro, we still know little about how and why it is targeted to the mitochondrion and what its key roles are in the maintenance of this multicopy DNA molecule. Unlike nuclear DNA, the mammalian mitochondrial genome is circular and the organelle has many unique proteins essential for its maintenance, presenting a differing environment within which PrimPol must function. Here, we discuss what is currently known about the mechanisms of DNA replication in the mitochondrion, the proteins that carry out these processes and how PrimPol is likely to be involved in assisting this vital cellular process.