Two-component gel-phase materials - Highly tunable self-assembling systems
Two-component gel-phase materials - Highly tunable self-assembling systems
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/chem.200500241
复制
发表时间：
2005-09-19
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Smith, DK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hirst, AR;Smith, DK
近10年来，小分子凝胶因子的分子自组装和网络形成已成为纳米化学新兴领域中最活跃的前沿之一。越来越多的研究工作开始集中在多组分胶凝剂上，其依赖于不同单个组分的初始相互作用以形成复合物，该复合物随后自组装成纤维状超分子聚合物。在真正的双组分体系中，单个组分可以存在于各向同性溶液中，并且只有在添加第二组分时才会真正形成凝胶。然而，在某些情况下，报道了双组分凝胶，其中第二组分显著改变已知胶凝剂的行为。这两个系统都在本文中讨论。在双组分凝胶的分级自组装中，超分子控制的额外水平赋予了精致的可调性和可控性。通过简单地改变其中一个单独的组分，可以很容易地将功能性构建到材料中。本文讨论了通过操纵单分子识别事件来控制自组装的关键方法，并说明了如何通过简单添加第二组分来控制从分子到宏观水平的信息转录，从而允许从简单的构建块选择性地组装复杂的功能材料。
In the past 10 years, the molecular self-assembly and network formation of small molecule gelators has become one of the most active frontiers of the emergent area of nanochemistry. Increasingly, research efforts have begun to focus on multicomponent gelators, which rely on the initial interaction of distinct individual components to form a complex that subsequently self-assembles into a fibrous supramolecular polymer. In true two-component systems, an individual component can be present in isotropic solution, and only on addition of the second component will a gel actually form. In some cases, however, two-component gels are reported in which the second component significantly modifies the behaviour of a known gelator. Both systems are discussed in this article. The additional level of supramolecular control in the hierarchical self-assembly of two-component gels confers exquisite tunability and controllability. Functionality can be readily built into the material by simple variation of one of the individual components. This article discusses the key approaches used to control self-assembly by manipulating single molecular-recognition events and illustrates how controlling the transcription of information from the molecular to the macroscopic level by the simple addition of a second component allows complex functional materials to be selectively assembled from simple building blocks.