Directional Hydrodynamic Sensing by Free-Swimming Organisms

Directional Hydrodynamic Sensing by Free-Swimming Organisms
复制标题

自由游动生物体的定向水动力传感

DOI:
10.1007/s11538-017-0368-0
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Hartline, Daniel K.
Hartline, Daniel K.
中科院分区:
数学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Takagi, Daisuke;Hartline, Daniel K.

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许多水生生物通过感知运动产生的水动力扰动来检测环境中运动物体的存在,例如捕食者。由此产生的水流很容易被静止的生物体检测到,但自由游动的生物体被周围的水携带着,可能无法检测到周围的大量水流,这限制了有关水源的可用信息。我们开发了一种理论,阐明了攻击捕食者产生的干扰中包含哪些信息,这些信息可供自由游泳的生物体使用,并且可以单独从局部流动变形中提取。该理论表明,根据在空间和时间上测量变形的程度,生物体可以缩小捕食者可能的位置、速度、大小和到达时间的范围。我们将该理论应用于沿着一对触角具有机械感觉毛的浮游桡足类动物。该研究揭示了“盲点”的存在,在解决捕食者从两侧攻击以及是否产生弓波或吸力方面存在潜在的模糊性。我们的研究结果得出了有关最佳逃跑策略的具体可检验假设,这有助于解释逃避猎物的行为并设计具有感知能力的自由游泳机器人。
Many aquatic organisms detect the presence of moving objects in their environment, such as predators, by sensing the hydrodynamic disturbances the movements produce. The resultant water flow is readily detectable by stationary organisms, but free-swimming organisms are carried with the surrounding water and may not detect the bulk surrounding flow, which limits the available information about the source. We have developed a theory that clarifies what information is contained in disturbances generated by an attacking predator that is available to a free-swimming organism and might be extracted from local flow deformations alone. The theory shows that, depending on how well the deformations can be measured in space and time, an organism can reduce the range of possible locations, speeds, sizes, and arrival times of the predator. We apply the theory to planktonic copepods that have mechanosensory hairs along a pair of antennules. The study reveals the presence of “blind spots,” potential ambiguities in resolving from which of two sides a predator attacks, and whether it generates a bow wave or suction. Our findings lead to specific testable hypotheses concerning optimal escape strategies, which are helpful for interpreting the behavior of evasive prey and designing free-swimming robots with sensory capabilities.
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