National Ecosystem Assessments in Europe: A Review
National Ecosystem Assessments in Europe: A Review
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欧洲国家生态系统评估：回顾
作者：
M. Schröter;Christian Albert;Alexandra Marques;W. Tobón;S. Lavorel;J. Maes;Claire Brown;S. Klotz;A. Bonn
摘要国家生态系统评估是保护生物多样性和生态系统服务的基本知识基础。我们分析了八个欧洲（分）国家生态系统评估（葡萄牙，英国，西班牙，挪威，弗兰德斯，荷兰，芬兰和德国），并比较他们的目标，政治背景，方法和操作。我们观察到在评估的广度、所采用的方法、所考虑的服务种类、政策授权和供资机制方面存在显著差异。生物多样性和生态系统服务主要是独立评估的，生物多样性被视为基础服务、与服务发生冲突的根源或其本身就是一种服务。我们对未来生态系统评估的分析得出的建议包括需要改进共同证据库、推进服务制图、考虑国际服务流动以及与政策问题建立更强有力的联系。虽然各国生态系统评估的具体情况被认为很重要，但加强各项评估之间的协调可有助于更好地为欧洲共同政策和未来的泛区域评估提供信息。
Abstract National ecosystem assessments form an essential knowledge base for safeguarding biodiversity and ecosystem services. We analyze eight European (sub-)national ecosystem assessments (Portugal, United Kingdom, Spain, Norway, Flanders, Netherlands, Finland, and Germany) and compare their objectives, political context, methods, and operationalization. We observed remarkable differences in breadth of the assessment, methods employed, variety of services considered, policy mandates, and funding mechanisms. Biodiversity and ecosystem services are mainly assessed independently, with biodiversity conceptualized as underpinning services, as a source of conflict with services, or as a service in itself. Recommendations derived from our analysis for future ecosystem assessments include the needs to improve the common evidence base, to advance the mapping of services, to consider international flows of services, and to connect more strongly to policy questions. Although the context specificity of national ecosystem assessments is acknowledged as important, a greater harmonization across assessments could help to better inform common European policies and future pan-regional assessments.