18.9% Efficient Organic Solar Cells Based on n‐Doped Bulk‐Heterojunction and Halogen‐Substituted Self‐Assembled Monolayers as Hole Extracting Interlayers
18.9% Efficient Organic Solar Cells Based on n‐Doped Bulk‐Heterojunction and Halogen‐Substituted Self‐Assembled Monolayers as Hole Extracting Interlayers
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DOI：
10.1002/aenm.202202503
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发表时间：
2022-10
影响因子：
27.8
通讯作者：
Yuanbao Lin;Yadong Zhang;Junxiang Zhang;Mantas Marčinskas;T. Malinauskas;A. Magomedov;M. I. Nugraha;D. Kaltsas;Dipti R Naphade;G. Harrison;Abdulrahman El‐Labban;S. Barlow;S. De Wolf;Ergang Wang;Iain McCulloch;L. Tsetseris;V. Getautis;S. Marder;T. Anthopoulos
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文献类型：
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作者：
Yuanbao Lin;Yadong Zhang;Junxiang Zhang;Mantas Marčinskas;T. Malinauskas;A. Magomedov;M. I. Nugraha;D. Kaltsas;Dipti R Naphade;G. Harrison;Abdulrahman El‐Labban;S. Barlow;S. De Wolf;Ergang Wang;Iain McCulloch;L. Tsetseris;V. Getautis;S. Marder;T. Anthopoulos
研究了卤素取代（F、Cl、Br 和 I）对自组装空穴提取分子 [2-(9H-咔唑-9-基)乙基]膦酸 (2PACz) 能级的影响。研究发现[2-(3,6-二氟-9H-咔唑-9-基)乙基]膦酸(F-2PACz)、[2-(3,6-二氯-9H-咔唑-9-基)乙基]膦酸(Cl-2PACz)、[2-(3,6-二溴-9H-咔唑-9-基)乙基]膦酸形成自组装单层(SAM) (Br-2PACz)和[2-(3,6-二碘-9H-咔唑-9-基)乙基]膦酸(I-2PACz)直接作用在氧化铟锡(ITO)上，其功函数分别从4.73 eV增加到5.68、5.77、5.82和5.73 eV。将这些 ITO/SAM 电极与三元本体异质结 (BHJ) 系统 PM6:PM7-Si:BTP-eC9 相结合，可产生功率转换效率 (PCE) 在 17.7%–18.5% 范围内的有机光伏 (OPV) 电池。与具有 F-2PACz (17.7%)、Br-2PACz (18.0%) 或 I-2PACz (18.2%) 的细胞相比，具有 Cl-2PACz SAM 的 OPV 产生的 PCE 最高为 18.5%。数据分析表明，基于 Cl-2PACz 的 OPV 的增强性能与空穴迁移率增加、界面电阻降低、载流子复合减少和载流子寿命更长有关。此外，与基于 ITO/PEDOT:PSS 的电池相比，具有 Cl-2PACz 的 OPV 在连续照明下表现出更高的稳定性。值得注意的是，在 BHJ 中引入正掺杂苯甲基紫精进一步将 ITO/Cl-2PACz 电池的 PCE 提高到了最大值 18.9%，这是基于 SAM 的 OPV 的破纪录值，与迄今为止报道的性能最佳的 OPV 相当。
The influence of halogen substitutions (F, Cl, Br, and I) on the energy levels of the self‐assembled hole‐extracting molecule [2‐(9H‐Carbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (2PACz), is investigated. It is found that the formation of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of [2‐(3,6‐Difluoro‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (F‐2PACz), [2‐(3,6‐Dichloro‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (Cl‐2PACz), [2‐(3,6‐Dibromo‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (Br‐2PACz), and [2‐(3,6‐Diiodo‐9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (I‐2PACz) directly on indium tin oxide (ITO) increases its work function from 4.73 eV to 5.68, 5.77, 5.82, and 5.73 eV, respectively. Combining these ITO/SAM electrodes with the ternary bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) system PM6:PM7‐Si:BTP‐eC9 yields organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells with power conversion efficiency (PCE) in the range of 17.7%–18.5%. OPVs featuring Cl‐2PACz SAMs yield the highest PCE of 18.5%, compared to cells with F‐2PACz (17.7%), Br‐2PACz (18.0%), or I‐2PACz (18.2%). Data analysis reveals that the enhanced performance of Cl‐2PACz‐based OPVs relates to the increased hole mobility, decreased interface resistance, reduced carrier recombination, and longer carrier lifetime. Furthermore, OPVs featuring Cl‐2PACz show enhanced stability under continuous illumination compared to ITO/PEDOT:PSS‐based cells. Remarkably, the introduction of the n‐dopant benzyl viologen into the BHJ further boosted the PCE of the ITO/Cl‐2PACz cells to a maximum value of 18.9%, a record‐breaking value for SAM‐based OPVs and on par with the best‐performing OPVs reported to date.