Prevalence and Phylogenetic Analysis of Bartonella Species of Wild Carnivores and Their Fleas in Northwestern Mexico
Prevalence and Phylogenetic Analysis of Bartonella Species of Wild Carnivores and Their Fleas in Northwestern Mexico
复制标题
墨西哥西北部野生食肉动物巴尔通体及其跳蚤的流行率和系统发育分析
作者：
A. López;L. Osikowicz;Ying Bai;J. Montenieri;André V. Rubio;K. Moreno;K. Gage;G. Suzán;M. Kosoy
巴尔通体属的宿主-寄生虫-载体关系。对来自墨西哥西北部的野生食肉动物及其跳蚤的系统进行了调查。在春季（4月至5月）和秋季（10月至11月）季节，对属于8个物种的66只食肉动物进行了采样，并采集了属于3个物种的285只跳蚤。我们通过血培养或 PCR 在 7 只食肉动物 (10.6%) 和 27 只跳蚤 (9.5%) 中检测到巴尔通体。 27 只巴尔通氏体阳性跳蚤中，22 只为拟蚤，3 只为刺激性蚤，1 只为鸡刺鼹。 gltA 基因和 ITS 区域序列比对分别揭示了巴尔通体属的 6 个和 8 个遗传变异。这些变种被聚类为巴尔通体 rochalimae、巴尔通体 vinsonii 亚种。 berkhoffii 和另一种基因型，可能代表巴尔通体属的新物种。尽管需要进行实验感染研究来证明拟假单胞菌的媒介作用，但我们的结果表明这种跳蚤可能在巴尔通体传播中发挥重要作用。结果表明巴尔通体基因型与食肉动物家族之间可能存在宿主特异性关系，但需要进一步的研究来验证这一发现。巴尔通体属人畜共患物种的存在。野生食肉动物中的这种病毒引发了它们对支离破碎的生态系统中的人类潜在风险的问题。
The host–parasite–vector relationship of Bartonella spp. system in wild carnivores and their fleas from northwestern Mexico was investigated. Sixty-six carnivores belonging to eight species were sampled, and 285 fleas belonging to three species were collected during spring (April–May) and fall (October–November) seasons. We detected Bartonella species in 7 carnivores (10.6%) and 27 fleas (9.5%) through either blood culture or PCR. Of the 27 Bartonella-positive fleas, twenty-two were Pulex simulans, three were Pulex irritans and one was Echidnophaga gallinacea. The gltA gene and ITS region sequences alignment revealed six and eight genetic variants of Bartonella spp., respectively. These variants were clustered into Bartonella rochalimae, Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and another genotype, which likely represents a novel species of Bartonella spp. Although experimental infection studies are required to prove the vector role of P. simulans, our results suggest that this flea may play an important role in the Bartonella transmission. The results indicated possible host-specific relationships between Bartonella genotypes and the families of the carnivores, but further studies are needed to verify this finding. The presence of zoonotic species of Bartonella spp. in wild carnivores raises the issue of their potential risk for humans in fragmented ecosystems.