Electronic Cigarettes Are a Source of Thirdhand Exposure to Nicotine
Electronic Cigarettes Are a Source of Thirdhand Exposure to Nicotine
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DOI：
10.1093/ntr/ntu152
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发表时间：
2015-02-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Lee, Lily
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goniewicz, Maciej L.;Lee, Lily
简介：在人们吸烟的区域，残留在表面上的物质会导致三手接触。烟草烟雾中的尼古丁已被证明与空气中的氧化化学物质反应，形成二次污染物，如致癌的亚硝胺。虽然以前的研究已经证明了三手暴露于烟草烟雾中的尼古丁，但没有人研究过电子烟（电子烟）中的尼古丁是否也可以沉积在各种表面上。我们将每种产品的100喷直接释放到暴露室中。在蒸汽释放前后，从5个室内100 cm（2）表面（窗户、墙壁、地板、木材和金属）采集表面擦拭样品。尼古丁从湿巾中提取，并进行了分析，使用气相色谱法。结果：四个实验中的三个显示尼古丁的量显着增加在所有五个表面。地板和玻璃窗的尼古丁含量增加最多，平均分别增加了47倍和6倍（p <0.05）。在每次实验中，沉积在地板上的尼古丁的平均量为205 μ g/m2，从定量限到550 μ g/m2不等。结论：这项研究表明，三手接触电子烟中的尼古丁存在风险。三手接触水平因表面和电子烟品牌而异。未来的研究应该探索三手接触电子烟释放的尼古丁形成的致癌物的潜在风险。
Introduction: Substances remaining on the surfaces in areas where people have smoked contribute to thirdhand exposure. Nicotine from tobacco smoke has been shown to react with oxidizing chemicals in the air to form secondary pollutants, such as carcinogenic nitrosamines. While previous studies have demonstrated thirdhand exposure to nicotine from tobacco smoke, none have investigated whether nicotine from electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) can also be deposited on various surfaces.Methods: Three brands of e-cigarettes were refilled with varying nicotine concentrations. We released 100 puffs from each product directly into an exposure chamber. Surface wipe samples were taken from 5 indoor 100 cm(2) surfaces (window, walls, floor, wood, and metal) pre-and post-release of vapors. Nicotine was extracted from the wipes and was analyzed using gas chromatography.Results: Three of the 4 experiments showed significant increases in the amount of nicotine on all five surfaces. The floor and glass windows had the greatest increases in nicotine, on average by a factor of 47 and 6, respectively (p < .05). The average amount of nicotine deposited on a floor during each experiment was 205 mu g/m(2) and varied from limit of quantitation to 550 mu g/m(2).Conclusions: This study indicates that there is a risk for thirdhand exposure to nicotine from e-cigarettes. Thirdhand exposure levels differ depending on the surface and the e-cigarette brand. Future research should explore the potential risks of thirdhand exposure to carcinogens formed from the nicotine that is released from e-cigarettes.