Impact of Tobacco Smoke and Nicotine Exposure on Lung Development
Impact of Tobacco Smoke and Nicotine Exposure on Lung Development
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DOI：
10.1378/chest.15-1858
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发表时间：
2016-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
9.6
通讯作者：
McGrath-Morrow, Sharon A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gibbs, Kevin;Collaco, Joseph M.;McGrath-Morrow, Sharon A.
在出生前和出生后接触烟草烟雾和尼古丁会损害肺部发育，改变对病毒感染的免疫反应，并增加儿童时期喘息的患病率。下面的综述考察了在肺发育、烟草和尼古丁暴露领域的最新发现，重点是在过去5年内发表的研究。在子宫内接触烟草和尼古丁仍然很常见，在美国大约10%的孕妇中发生这种情况。暴露在空气中的新生儿在整个童年期间肺功能减弱、中枢和外周呼吸化学接收改变以及哮喘症状增加的风险增加。最近，基因组和表观遗传风险因素，如DNA甲基化的改变，已经被发现可能影响长期疾病的风险。这篇综述考察了产前吸烟和尼古丁暴露对肺发育的影响，特别是烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体。此外，这篇综述还考察了出生前和出生后吸烟和尼古丁暴露的作用及其与增加感染风险、使免疫反应偏向T辅助2型偏向以及在儿童时期发展过敏表型和哮喘样症状的风险增加的关系。最后，这篇综述概述了与儿童二手烟和尼古丁暴露有关的呼吸道疾病，并检查了可能影响宫内或出生后烟草烟雾暴露的婴儿和儿童的呼吸健康的遗传和表观遗传修饰因素。
Tobacco smoke and nicotine exposure during prenatal and postnatal life can impair lung development, alter the immune response to viral infections, and increase the prevalence of wheezing during childhood. The following review examines recent discoveries in the fields of lung development and tobacco and nicotine exposure, emphasizing studies published within the last 5 years. In utero tobacco and nicotine exposure remains common, occurring in approximately 10% of pregnancies within the United States. Exposed neonates are at increased risk for diminished lung function, altered central and peripheral respiratory chemoreception, and increased asthma symptoms throughout childhood. Recently, genomic and epigenetic risk factors, such as alterations in DNA methylation, have been identified that may influence the risk for long-term disease. This review examines the impact of prenatal tobacco and nicotine exposure on lung development with a particular focus on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. In addition, this review examines the role of prenatal and postnatal tobacco smoke and nicotine exposure and its association with augmenting infection risk, skewing the immune response toward a T-helper type 2 bias and increasing risk for developing an allergic phenotype and asthmalike symptoms during childhood. Finally, this review outlines the respiratory morbidities associated with childhood secondhand smoke and nicotine exposure and examines genetic and epigenetic modifiers that may influence respiratory health in infants and children exposed to in utero or postnatal tobacco smoke.