Possible mechanisms of central nervous system fatigue during exercise
Possible mechanisms of central nervous system fatigue during exercise
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DOI：
10.1097/00005768-199701000-00008
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发表时间：
1997-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bailey, SP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Davis, JM;Bailey, SP
随意肌肉努力的疲劳是一种复杂的现象。迄今为止，相对较少的注意力已经放在中枢神经系统（CNS）在运动期间疲劳的作用，尽管事实上，不愿意产生和维持足够的中枢神经系统驱动工作肌肉是最可能的解释疲劳的大多数人在正常活动。已经提出了几种生物学机制来解释CNS疲劳。已经对几种神经递质提出了假说，包括5-羟色胺（5-HT; 5-羟色胺）、多巴胺和乙酰胆碱。最突出的一个涉及在不同的大脑区域的5-羟色胺活动的增加。有充分的证据表明，在长时间运动过程中，大脑5-HT活性的增加和减少分别加速和延迟疲劳，而旨在减弱长时间运动过程中大脑5-HT合成的营养操作可以提高耐力表现。其他可能影响运动期间疲劳的神经调节剂包括细胞因子和氨。几种细胞因子的增加与急性病毒或细菌感染相关的运动耐量降低有关。运动过程中血液和大脑中氨的积累也会对中枢神经系统功能和疲劳产生负面影响。显然，长时间运动期间的疲劳受到多种中枢神经系统和外周因素的影响。进一步阐明中枢神经系统的影响如何影响疲劳是相关的，以实现最佳的肌肉性能，在田径运动以及日常生活。
Fatigue of voluntary muscular effort is a complex phenomenon. To date, relatively little attention has been placed on the role of the central nervous system (CNS) in fatigue during exercise despite the fact that the unwillingness to generate and maintain adequate CNS drive to the working muscle is the most likely explanation of fatigue for most people during normal activities. Several biological mechanisms have been proposed to explain CNS fatigue. Hypotheses have been developed for several neurotransmitters including serotonin (5-HT; 5-hydroxytryptamine), dopamine, and acetylcholine. The most prominent one involves an increase in 5-HT activity in various brain regions. Good evidence suggests that increases and decreases in brain 5-HT activity during prolonged exercise hasten and delay fatigue, respectively, and nutritional manipulations designed to attenuate brain 5-HT synthesis during prolonged exercise improve endurance performance. Other neuromodulators that may influence fatigue during exercise include cytokines and ammonia. Increases in several cytokines have been associated with reduced exercise tolerance associated with acute viral or bacterial infection. Accumulation of ammonia in the blood and brain during exercise could also negatively effect the CNS function and fatigue. Clearly fatigue during prolonged exercise is influenced by multiple CNS and peripheral factors. Further elucidation of how CNS influences affect fatigue is relevant for achieving optimal muscular performance in athletics as well as everyday life.