Influence of gender, working field and psychosocial factors on the vulnerability for burnout in mental hospital staff: results of an Austrian cross-sectional study
Influence of gender, working field and psychosocial factors on the vulnerability for burnout in mental hospital staff: results of an Austrian cross-sectional study
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/scs.12467
复制
发表时间：
2018-03-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Kautzky-Willer, Alexandra
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schadenhofer, Petra;Kundi, Michael;Kautzky-Willer, Alexandra
根据欧洲工作安全与健康机构（EU-OSHA）的说法，医院代表了一个具有高工作压力的工作环境。长时间的职业压力可能会导致倦怠症状，例如情绪衰竭（EE）、人格解体（DP）和个人成就感下降（PA）。了解哪些因素可能降低工作倦怠的易感性是有针对性地预防精神病院工作人员职业压力的重要要求。目的探讨性别、年龄、工作领域、家庭结构、文化程度、假期自愿职业培训和工作时间对工作压力感知的影响。方法采用横断面设计，对491名精神病院工作人员进行问卷调查，并对调查结果进行统计学分析（311名女性，180名男性）参加了这项研究。职业压力感知的程度采用Maslach倦怠量表（MBI）进行评估，量表包括情绪耗竭、人格解体和个人成就感。参与者被划分为根据他们的工作领域中的那些工作与/无patients.FindingsPrevalence的情绪衰竭是较高的女性工作与患者相比，男性工作与患者（25%比18%，P=0.003）。年龄超过45岁与男性倦怠脆弱性降低显著相关（EE p=0.040，DP p=0.010，PA p=0.007），但女性则无此相关性。较低的教育水平对两性的人格解体有显著影响（男性p=0.001，女性p=0.048）。工作时间长短对情绪耗竭有显著影响。家庭结构和脆弱性之间没有显着的关系被发现burnus.ConclusionGender有不同的影响，职业压力，表明需要性别量身定制的预防策略。年龄、工作领域、文化程度、假期自愿参加职业培训和在职时间影响精神病院工作人员的职业倦怠易感性。
IntroductionAccording to the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA), hospitals represent a work environment with high job strain. Prolonged perceived occupational stress may result in symptoms of burnout, such as emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalisation (DP) and reduced personal accomplishment (PA). Understanding which factors may reduce vulnerability for burnout is an important requirement for well-targeted occupational stress prevention in mental hospital staff.ObjectiveTo identify the influence of gender, age, working field, family structure, education, voluntarily occupational training during holidays and length of stay on job on occupational stress perception.MethodsIn a cross-sectional design, 491 employees (311 female, 180 male) of an Austrian mental health centre participated in the study. The extent of perceived occupational stress was assessed by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) with the scales for emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and personal accomplishment. Participants were divided according to their working field in those working with/without patients.FindingsPrevalence of emotional exhaustion was higher in women working with patients compared to men working with patients (25% vs. 18%, p=0.003). Age above 45years was significantly associated with decreased vulnerability for burnout in men (EE p=0.040, DP p=0.010, PA p=0.007), but not in women. A lower level of education had a significant impact on depersonalisation in both sexes (p=0.001 for men, p=0.048 for women). Length of stay on job showed a significant influence on emotional exhaustion. No significant relationship was found between family structure and vulnerability for burnout.ConclusionGender had a differential effect on perceived occupational stress indicating a need for gender-tailored preventive strategies. Age, working field, education, voluntarily occupational training during holidays and length of stay on job affect vulnerability for burnout in mental hospital staff.