The trace metal economy of the coral holobiont: supplies, demands and exchanges
The trace metal economy of the coral holobiont: supplies, demands and exchanges
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DOI：
10.1111/brv.12922
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发表时间：
2022-11
影响因子：
10
通讯作者：
H. Reich;E. Camp;L. Roger;H. Putnam
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Reich;E. Camp;L. Roger;H. Putnam
寡营养水域中高生产力的珊瑚礁生态系统的并置激发了我们对珊瑚全生物伙伴（宿主珊瑚、甲藻内共生体、内生藻类、真菌、病毒、细菌群落）之间常量营养素的吸收、交换和循环的极大兴趣并取得了进展。相比之下，微量金属对珊瑚全生物的生理性能以及造礁珊瑚的功能生态的贡献仍不清楚。珊瑚全生物的微量金属经济是一个由跨界共生伙伴关系维持的供应、需求和交换网络。每个伙伴都有独特的微量金属需求，这对于他们的生化功能和全生物体的代谢稳定性至关重要。有机体稳态和伙伴之间的交换决定了珊瑚全生物适应异质珊瑚礁环境中微量金属供应波动的能力。这篇综述详细介绍了核心生物过程中对微量金属的要求，并描述了全生物伙伴之间的金属交换如何成为寡营养环境中维持复杂营养共生的关键。具体来说，我们讨论微量金属如何有助于伴侣的兼容性、应对压力的能力，从而促进机体的适应性和分布。除了全生物微量金属循环之外，我们还概述了环境微量金属供应的动态性质如何受到非生物因素（例如温度、光、pH 等）变化的影响。气候变化将对微量金属的供应产生深远的影响，并进一步加剧影响珊瑚生存的各种压力因素。最后，我们建议未来的研究方向，以了解微量金属对从亚细胞到生物水平的珊瑚全生物共生体的影响，这将更广泛地为珊瑚生态系统的营养循环提供信息。总的来说，这种对微量金属对珊瑚全生物的作用的跨尺度阐明将使我们能够改进对未来珊瑚礁功能的预测。
The juxtaposition of highly productive coral reef ecosystems in oligotrophic waters has spurred substantial interest and progress in our understanding of macronutrient uptake, exchange, and recycling among coral holobiont partners (host coral, dinoflagellate endosymbiont, endolithic algae, fungi, viruses, bacterial communities). By contrast, the contribution of trace metals to the physiological performance of the coral holobiont and, in turn, the functional ecology of reef‐building corals remains unclear. The coral holobiont's trace metal economy is a network of supply, demand, and exchanges upheld by cross‐kingdom symbiotic partnerships. Each partner has unique trace metal requirements that are central to their biochemical functions and the metabolic stability of the holobiont. Organismal homeostasis and the exchanges among partners determine the ability of the coral holobiont to adjust to fluctuating trace metal supplies in heterogeneous reef environments. This review details the requirements for trace metals in core biological processes and describes how metal exchanges among holobiont partners are key to sustaining complex nutritional symbioses in oligotrophic environments. Specifically, we discuss how trace metals contribute to partner compatibility, ability to cope with stress, and thereby to organismal fitness and distribution. Beyond holobiont trace metal cycling, we outline how the dynamic nature of the availability of environmental trace metal supplies can be influenced by a variability of abiotic factors (e.g. temperature, light, pH, etc.). Climate change will have profound consequences on the availability of trace metals and further intensify the myriad stressors that influence coral survival. Lastly, we suggest future research directions necessary for understanding the impacts of trace metals on the coral holobiont symbioses spanning subcellular to organismal levels, which will inform nutrient cycling in coral ecosystems more broadly. Collectively, this cross‐scale elucidation of the role of trace metals for the coral holobiont will allow us to improve forecasts of future coral reef function.