Differential effects of exposure to toxic or nontoxic mold spores on brain inflammation and Morris water maze performance.
Differential effects of exposure to toxic or nontoxic mold spores on brain inflammation and Morris water maze performance.
复制标题
接触有毒或无毒霉菌孢子对脑部炎症和莫里斯水迷宫表现的不同影响。
DOI：
10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114294
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Pytte,CarolynL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Harding,CherylF;Liao,David;Persaud,Ramona;DeStefano,RichardA;Page,KimberlyG;Stalbow,LaurenL;Roa,Tina;Ford,JordanC;Goman,KseniaD;Pytte,CarolynL
在发霉的建筑物中生活或工作的人经常抱怨“脑雾”干扰认知能力。直到最近，还没有发表关于受控暴露于霉菌刺激对认知功能或明显作用机制的影响的研究，这加剧了对这些说法的争议。霉菌暴露个体报告的健康问题（呼吸问题，疲劳，疼痛，焦虑，抑郁和认知缺陷）的星座对应于暴露于细菌或病毒刺激后先天免疫激活引起的那些。为了确定霉菌诱导的先天免疫激活是否可能导致认知问题，我们在Morris水迷宫中定量了有毒和无毒霉菌对脑免疫激活和空间记忆的影响。我们鼻内给药1）完整的，有毒的葡萄酒芽孢杆菌孢子; 2）乙醇提取的，无毒的葡萄酒芽孢杆菌孢子;或3）对照盐水溶剂的小鼠。吸入无毒孢子在平台位置的长期记忆测试中引起显著缺陷，而不影响短期记忆。吸入有毒孢子增加了到达平台的动力。有趣的是，在两组暴露于霉菌的雄性动物中，海马许多区域中的白细胞介素-1 β免疫反应细胞数量与训练期间找到平台的潜伏期、路径长度和游泳速度显著相关，但在长期记忆测试期间则不相关。这些数据增加了我们先前的证据，即霉菌吸入可以根据任务以不同的方式干扰认知过程，并且大脑炎症与行为变化显著相关。
People who live or work in moldy buildings often complain of “brain fog” that interferes with cognitive performance. Until recently, there was no published research on the effects of controlled exposure to mold stimuli on cognitive function or an obvious mechanism of action, fueling controversy over these claims. The constellation of health problems reported by mold-exposed individuals (respiratory issues, fatigue, pain, anxiety, depression, and cognitive deficits) correspond to those caused by innate immune activation following exposure to bacterial or viral stimuli. To determine if mold-induced innate immune activation might cause cognitive issues, we quantified the effects of both toxic and nontoxic mold on brain immune activation and spatial memory in the Morris water maze. We intranasally administered either 1) intact, toxic Stachybotrys chartarum spores; 2) ethanol-extracted, nontoxicStachybotrys chartarumspores; or 3) control saline vehicle to mice. Inhalation of nontoxic spores caused significant deficits in the test of long-term memory of platform location, while not affecting short-term memory. Inhalation of toxic spores increased motivation to reach the platform. Interestingly, in both groups of mold-exposed males, numbers of interleukin-1β-immunoreactive cells in many areas of the hippocampus significantly correlated with latency to find the platform, path length, and swimming speed during training, but not during testing for long-term memory. These data add to our prior evidence that mold inhalation can interfere with cognitive processing in different ways depending on the task, and that brain inflammation is significantly correlated with changes in behavior.