Resistance to pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides, and the geographical distribution and polymorphisms of target-site mutations in voltage-gated sodium channel and acetylcholinesterase 1 genes in Anopheles sinensis populations in Shanghai, China
Resistance to pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides, and the geographical distribution and polymorphisms of target-site mutations in voltage-gated sodium channel and acetylcholinesterase 1 genes in Anopheles sinensis populations in Shanghai, China
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DOI：
10.1186/s13071-019-3657-7
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发表时间：
2019-08-09
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Zhang, Yi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fang, Yuan;Shi, Wen-Qi;Zhang, Yi
背景 在中国到2020年消除疟疾的国家计划的最后阶段，监测疟疾媒介的耐药性对于制定有效的媒介控制策略至关重要。 2017年，上海宣布消灭疟疾；然而，主要疟疾病媒中华按蚊的杀虫剂抗药性状况仍不清楚。方法我们检测了An的拟除虫菊酯和有机磷抗性。通过对上海崇明区的两个种群进行生物测定。对电压门控钠通道 (VGSC) 和乙酰胆碱酯酶 1 (ace-1) 基因进行部分测序，以检查耐药表型与靶位点基因型之间的关联。此外，利用2016年和2017年崇明、松江、嘉定和青浦区常规蚊虫监测采集的样本，对杀虫剂抗性基因的地理分布、多态性和基因型频率进行了分析。结果在崇明区，安。东滩国家级自然保护区附近的中华竹种群对拟除虫菊酯具有抗性，对有机磷敏感，VGSC 基因无敲低抗性（kdr）突变，并且 ace-1 119S 等位基因频率较低（1.71%）。安安.崇明中心区附近的中华菊种群（CM-新河种群）对拟除虫菊酯和有机磷农药具有较高的抗性，kdr 1014F和1014C（80.73%）和ace-1 119S（85.98%）等位基因频率较高。在CM-Xinhe群体中检测到纯合kdr突变1014F/1014F与拟除虫菊酯抗性之间存在显着关联，表明kdr突变可能是隐性的。在上海四个调查区中检测到8个具有1014F和1014C替换的kdr基因型。 TTT 和 GGC/AGC 分别是主要的 kdr 等位基因和 ace-1 基因型，并且在大多数上海人中普遍存在。中华种群。结论 在对上海地区杀虫剂抗性基因突变进行评估的基础上，我们在崇明东滩确定了一个无kdr突变的群体。然而，上海大部分地区的杀虫剂抗性基因靶点突变频率较高。 An 的生物测定。崇明区中部的中华鳖种群表明其对杀虫剂具有较高的抗药性。上海中华中华种群。因此，我们建议限制杀虫剂的使用，并制定有效的害虫/病媒综合管理干预措施，以支持疾病控制工作。
Background In the final phase of China's national programme to eliminate malaria by 2020, it is vitally important to monitor the resistance of malaria vectors for developing effective vector control strategies. In 2017 Shanghai declared that it had eliminated malaria; however, the insecticide resistance status of the primary malaria vector Anopheles sinensis remains unknown. Methods We examined the pyrethroid and organophosphate resistance of An. sinensis via a bioassay of two populations from the Chongming District of Shanghai. The voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) and acetylcholinesterase 1 (ace-1) genes were partially sequenced to examine the association between resistance phenotype and target site genotype. In addition, the geographical distribution, polymorphism and genotype frequencies of insecticide resistance genes were examined using samples collected during routine mosquito surveillance in 2016 and 2017 from Chongming, Songjiang, Jiading and Qingpu Districts. Results In Chongming District, the An. sinensis population near Dongtan National Nature Reserve showed resistance to pyrethroids, sensitivity to organophosphate, no knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in the VGSC gene, and a low frequency (1.71%) of the ace-1 119S allele. An An. sinensis population near the Chongming central area (CM-Xinhe population) showed high resistance to pyrethroids and organophosphates and high frequencies of kdr 1014F and 1014C (80.73%) and ace-1 119S (85.98%) alleles. A significant association was detected between the homozygous kdr mutation 1014F/1014F and pyrethroid resistance in the CM-Xinhe population, indicating that the kdr mutation is probably recessive. Eight kdr genotypes with 1014F and 1014C substitutions were detected in the four surveyed districts of Shanghai. TTT and GGC/AGC were the dominant kdr allele and ace-1 genotype, respectively, and were prevalent in most Shanghai An. sinensis populations. Conclusions On the basis of our assessment of insecticide resistance gene mutations in Shanghai, we identified a kdr mutation-free population in Chongming Dongtan. However, high frequencies of target-site mutations of insecticide resistance genes were observed in most areas of Shanghai. Bioassays of An. sinensis populations in the central Chongming District indicated the high insecticide resistance status of An. sinensis populations in Shanghai. We accordingly recommend a restriction on insecticide usage and development of effective integrated pest/vector management interventions to support disease control efforts.