Differential susceptibility to the environment: An evolutionary-neurodevelopmental theory
Differential susceptibility to the environment: An evolutionary-neurodevelopmental theory
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DOI：
10.1017/s0954579410000611
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发表时间：
2011-02-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
van Ijzendoorn, Marinus H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ellis, Bruce J.;Boyce, W. Thomas;van Ijzendoorn, Marinus H.
两个现存的进化模型，生物敏感性的背景理论（BSCT）和差异易感性理论（DST），收敛的假设，一些人比其他人更容易受到负面（风险促进）和积极（发展促进）的环境条件。这些模型与目前占主导地位的个人脆弱性和环境风险的观点：素质压力/双重风险。我们审查挑战，这一观点的基础上新兴的理论和数据从进化，发展和健康科学。这些挑战表明，在开发过程中，需要对人与环境的相互作用进行概念化的范式转变。在这种情况下，我们提出了一个进化的神经发育理论，DST和BSCT的基础上，神经生物学的易感性的环境中调节环境对适应，发展和健康的影响的作用。然后，我们概述了目前的思想，神经基因组和内表型机制，可能支持神经生物学的易感性，总结现有的经验研究差异的易感性，并评估BSCT和DST的进化基础和影响。最后，我们讨论了应用问题，包括方法和统计考虑进行差异易感性研究;生态，文化和种族-民族的神经生物学易感性的变化问题;和差异易感性设计的社会计划的影响。我们的结论是，差异易感性范式具有深远的影响，了解是否以及有多少儿童和成人的发展作出反应，更好和更坏的，物种典型的环境条件的范围。
Two extant evolutionary models, biological sensitivity to context theory (BSCT) and differential susceptibility theory (DST), converge on the hypothesis that some individuals are more susceptible than others to both negative (risk-promoting) and positive (development-enhancing) environmental conditions. These models contrast with the currently dominant perspective on personal vulnerability and environmental risk: diathesis stress/dual risk. We review challenges to this perspective based on emerging theory and data from the evolutionary, developmental, and health sciences. These challenges signify the need for a paradigm shift in conceptualizing Person x Environment interactions in development. In this context we advance an evolutionary-neurodevelopmental theory, based on DST and BSCT, of the role of neurobiological susceptibility to the environment in regulating environmental effects on adaptation, development, and health. We then outline current thinking about neurogenomic and endophenotypic mechanisms that may underpin neurobiological susceptibility, summarize extant empirical research on differential susceptibility, and evaluate the evolutionary bases and implications of BSCT and DST. Finally, we discuss applied issues including methodological and statistical considerations in conducting differential susceptibility research; issues of ecological, cultural, and racial-ethnic variation in neurobiological susceptibility; and implications of differential susceptibility for designing social programs. We conclude that the differential susceptibility paradigm has far-reaching implications for understanding whether and how much child and adult development responds, for better and for worse, to the gamut of species-typical environmental conditions.