Rotating trapped Bose-Einstein condensates
Rotating trapped Bose-Einstein condensates
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DOI：
10.1007/s11490-008-1001-6
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发表时间：
2008-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
A. Fetter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Fetter
俘获玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体（BEC）与标准教科书中均匀玻色气体的例子有很大不同。在一个各向同性的调和势V（r）= 1/2 Mω 2 r2中，单粒子基态引入了一个新的长度和能量的内禀标度[基态大小= π/（Mω）]和[基态能量E0 = π ω]。当陷阱以低角速度旋转时，单个涡旋的行为说明了离散量子化涡旋的关键作用。为了更快的旋转，冷凝物包含一个漩涡阵列。由此产生的离心力使冷凝物径向膨胀并轴向收缩;因此，冷凝物实际上变成二维的。如果外旋转速度接近径向谐波约束势的频率，凝聚体进入“最低朗道能级”区域，并且简单的描述再次成为可能。最后，该系统被预测为量子相变到一个高度相关的状态类似于分数量子霍尔态的电子在强磁场中。
Trapped Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) differ considerably from the standard textbook example of a uniform Bose gas. In an isotropic harmonic potentialV(r) = ½Mω2r2, the single-particle ground state introduces a new intrinsic scale of length [the ground-state sized= √ℏ/(Mω)] and energy [the ground-state energyE0=ℏω]. When the trap rotates at a low angular velocity, the behavior of a single vortex illustrates the crucial role of discrete quantized vorticity. For more rapid rotation, the condensate contains a vortex array. The resulting centrifugal forces expand the condensate radially and shrink it axially; thus, the condensate becomes effectively two dimensional. If the external rotation speed approaches the frequency of the radial harmonic confining potential, the condensate enters the “lowest-Landau-level” regime, and a simple description again becomes possible. Eventually, the system is predicted to make a quantum phase transition to a highly correlated state analogous to the fractional quantum Hall states of electrons in a strong magnetic field.