Host Noncoding Retrotransposons Induced by DNA Viruses: a SINE of Infection?
Host Noncoding Retrotransposons Induced by DNA Viruses: a SINE of Infection?
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DOI：
10.1128/jvi.00982-17
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发表时间：
2017-09
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Jessica M. Tucker;B. Glaunsinger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jessica M. Tucker;B. Glaunsinger
人类的基因组是由重复性的元件所控制的。这些元件中的大多数来自逆转录转座子，其通过逆转录和整合过程在整个基因组中扩展。短散在核元件（西内斯）是一类丰富的逆转录转座子，由RNA聚合酶III转录，从而产生专门的非编码RNA（ncRNA），必须劫持其转座所需的机器。SINE基因座通常在体细胞中被转录抑制，但在用多种DNA病毒感染时可以被强烈诱导。最近的研究重点关注由SINE ncRNA调节的基因表达和信号传导事件，特别是在γ疱疹病毒感染期间。在这里，我们回顾这些SINE ncRNA的生物学，探讨DNA病毒感染如何导致其诱导，并描述这些ncRNA的新基因调控和免疫相关功能如何影响病毒的生命周期。
ABSTRACT Our genomes are dominated by repetitive elements. The majority of these elements derive from retrotransposons, which expand throughout the genome through a process of reverse transcription and integration. Short interspersed nuclear elements, or SINEs, are an abundant class of retrotransposons that are transcribed by RNA polymerase III, thus generating exclusively noncoding RNA (ncRNA) that must hijack the machinery required for their transposition. SINE loci are generally transcriptionally repressed in somatic cells but can be robustly induced upon infection with multiple DNA viruses. Recent research has focused on the gene expression and signaling events that are modulated by SINE ncRNAs, particularly during gammaherpesvirus infection. Here, we review the biology of these SINE ncRNAs, explore how DNA virus infection may lead to their induction, and describe how novel gene regulatory and immune-related functions of these ncRNAs may impact the viral life cycle.