The associations between US state and local social spending, income inequality, and individual all-cause and cause-specific mortality: The National Longitudinal Mortality Study.
The associations between US state and local social spending, income inequality, and individual all-cause and cause-specific mortality: The National Longitudinal Mortality Study.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.11.013
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发表时间：
2016-03
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Kim D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kim D
调查政府、州和地方在公共产品上的支出和收入不平等作为死亡风险的预测因素。来自美国48个连续州的431，637名30-74岁成年人和375，354名20-44岁成年人的数据来自国家纵向死亡率研究，以估计州和地方支出和收入不平等对年轻人和中年人以及老年人主要死亡原因的全因和特定原因死亡率的个体风险的影响。为了减少偏差，模型纳入了状态固定效应和工具变量。人均每年在福利上每多花250美元，死于任何原因的概率就会降低3个百分点（-0.031，95%CI：-0.059，-0.0027）。人均福利和教育支出每增加250美元，死于冠心病的概率分别降低1.6个百分点（-0.016，95%CI：-0.031，-0.0011）和0.8个百分点（-0.008，95%CI：-0.0156，-0.00024）。没有发现与结肠癌或慢性阻塞性肺疾病的关联;对于糖尿病，外部损伤和自杀，估计是相反的，但幅度适中。基尼系数高0.1（收入不平等程度高）分别预示着死于冠心病和自杀的概率高1个百分点（0.010，95% CI：0.0026，0.0180）和0.2个百分点（0.002，95% CI：0.001，0.002）。在州一级的福利和教育支出与降低个人死亡风险之间确定了经验联系，特别是冠心病和所有原因的综合风险。州一级的收入不平等也预示着死于冠心病和自杀的风险更高。
To investigate government state and local spending on public goods and income inequality as predictors of the risks of dying. Data on 431,637 adults aged 30–74 and 375,354 adults aged 20–44 in the 48 contiguous US states were used from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study to estimate the impacts of state and local spending and income inequality on individual risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality for leading causes of death in younger and middle-aged adults and older adults. To reduce bias, models incorporated state fixed effects and instrumental variables. Each additional $250 per capita per year spent on welfare predicted a 3-percentage point (−0.031, 95% CI: −0.059, −0.0027) lower probability of dying from any cause. Each additional $250 per capita spent on welfare and education predicted 1.6-percentage point (−0.016, 95% CI: −0.031, −0.0011) and 0.8-percentage point (−0.008, 95% CI: −0.0156, −0.00024) lower probabilities of dying from coronary heart disease (CHD), respectively. No associations were found for colon cancer or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; for diabetes, external injury, and suicide, estimates were inverse but modest in magnitude. A 0.1 higher Gini coefficient (higher income inequality) predicted 1-percentage point (0.010, 95% CI: 0.0026, 0.0180) and 0.2-percentage point (0.002, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.002) higher probabilities of dying from CHD and suicide, respectively. Empirical linkages were identified between state-level spending on welfare and education and lower individual risks of dying, particularly from CHD and all causes combined. State-level income inequality also predicted higher risks of dying from CHD and suicide.
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DOI：
10.1136/bmj.b4471
发表时间：
2009-11-10
期刊：
BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Kondo N;Sembajwe G;Kawachi I;van Dam RM;Subramanian SV;Yamagata Z
通讯作者：
Yamagata Z
影响因子：
12.7
作者：
Fish, Jason S.;Ettner, Susan;Brown, Arleen F.
通讯作者：
Brown, Arleen F.
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Berniell, Lucila;de la Mata, Dolores;Valdes, Nieves
通讯作者：
Valdes, Nieves
影响因子：
168.9
作者：
HART, JT
通讯作者：
HART, JT
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Gelman, Andrew
通讯作者：
Gelman, Andrew