The Prevalence of Anosmia and Associated Factors Among US Black and White Older Adults
The Prevalence of Anosmia and Associated Factors Among US Black and White Older Adults
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DOI：
10.1093/gerona/glx081
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发表时间：
2017-08-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Chen, Honglei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dong, Jing;Pinto, Jayant M.;Chen, Honglei
背景：嗅觉障碍在老年人中很常见；方法：我们对两项基于社区的研究进行了汇总分析：社区动脉粥样硬化风险研究（ARIC，1,398 名黑人和 4,665 名白人）和健康、老龄化和身体成分研究（Health ABC，958 名黑人和 1,536 名白人），以确定美国黑人和白人老年人嗅觉丧失的患病率及相关因素结果：黑人中嗅觉缺失症的总体患病率为 22.3%，白人中为 10.4%。在年龄和性别调整分析中，与白人相比，黑人患嗅觉丧失的几率明显更高（比值比 [OR] 2.96，95% 置信区间 [CI] = 2.59-3.38）。在黑人和白人中，嗅觉丧失患病率较高与年龄较大和男性有关。 85 岁或以上的黑人男性患病率最高（58.3%），65-69 岁的白人女性患病率最低（2.4%）。在一个或两个种族中，较高的教育水平、较低的认知得分、ApoE epsilon 4、白天嗜睡、较差的总体健康状况、较低的体重指数和帕金森病与较高的嗅觉丧失患病率相关。然而，在调整这些因素后，嗅觉缺失症的种族差异仍然具有统计学意义（完全调整 OR = 1.76，95% CI：1.50-2.07）。两个队列之间的结果具有可比性。讨论：嗅觉丧失在老年人中很常见，尤其是黑人。需要进一步的研究来确定嗅觉缺失症的危险因素，并调查这种感觉缺陷的种族差异。
Background: Olfactory impairment is common among older adults; however, data are largely limited to whites.Methods: We conducted pooled analyses of two community-based studies: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (ARIC, 1,398 blacks and 4,665 whites), and the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study (Health ABC, 958 blacks and 1,536 whites) to determine the prevalence of anosmia and associated factors for black and white older adults in the United States.Results: The overall prevalence of anosmia was 22.3% among blacks and 10.4% among whites. Blacks had a markedly higher odds of anosmia compared to whites in age and sex adjusted analyses (odds ratio [OR] 2.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.59-3.38). In both blacks and whites, higher anosmia prevalence was associated with older age and male sex. The highest prevalence was found in black men 85 years or older (58.3%), and the lowest in white women aged 65-69 years (2.4%). Higher education level, lower cognitive score, ApoE epsilon 4, daytime sleepiness, poorer general health status, lower body mass index, and Parkinson disease were associated with higher prevalence of anosmia in one or both races. However, the racial difference in anosmia remained statistically significant after adjusting for these factors (fully adjusted OR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.50-2.07). Results were comparable between the two cohorts.Discussion: Anosmia is common in older adults, particularly among blacks. Further studies are needed to identify risk factors for anosmia and to investigate racial disparities in this sensory deficit.