Chaos in the inert Oort cloud

Chaos in the inert Oort cloud
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惰性奥尔特云中的混沌

DOI:
10.1051/0004-6361/201936298
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
Astron. Astrophys.
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Arika Higuchi
Arika Higuchi
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Melaine Saillenfest;Marc Fouchard;Takashi Ito;Arika Higuchi

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遥远的海王星外天体会受到行星摄动和银河潮汐的影响。前者随距离的增加而减小,后者随距离的增加而增大。在中间区域,它们具有相同的数量级(“惰性奥尔特云”),两者都很弱,导致非常长的演化时间尺度。到目前为止,三个观察到的对象可以被认为是属于这个category.AimsWe的目标是提供一个清晰的理解,这种转变发生的地方,并在中间政权的小机构的长期动态:相关的共振,混沌区(如果有的话),并在play.MethodsThe不同的制度进行了探索分析和数值。我们还监测了4.5 Gyrs期间的粒子群的行为,以确定哪些动力学特征是可辨别的在一个现实的时间量。ResultsThere存在一个倾斜的平衡平面(拉普拉斯平面)的轨道进动。动力学在低半长轴和高半长轴区域是可积的,但在两者之间大多是混沌的。从大约800到1100天文单位(Au),混沌几乎覆盖了所有的偏心率范围。扩散的时间尺度很大,但在4.5 Gyrs的持续时间内还没有到不可分辨的程度:近日点距离实际上可以从几十到几百个Au不等。轨道变化在黄道附近(以前的研究集中在那里)受到抑制,但在特定的倾斜范围内,对应于明确的共振。此外,从均匀分布开始,4.5陀螺仪后的轨道角集群半长轴大于500 Au,因为一个非常缓慢的差分precessions.ConclusionsEven,即使它的特点是非常长的时间尺度,惰性奥尔特云主要特点是混乱的地区,因此,它是惰性比它出现。在4.5 Gyrs以上的轨道,只有在轨道要素空间的一小部分,包括(90377)Sedna和2012VP 113,才可以被认为是惰性的。银河系潮汐的影响是明显的半长轴约500 Au。我们主张在遥远的海王星外天体的模拟中包括银河潮汐,特别是在研究分离天体的形成或轨道要素的聚集时。
ContextDistant trans-Neptunian objects are subject to planetary perturbations and galactic tides. The former decrease with the distance, while the latter increase. In the intermediate regime where they have the same order of magnitude (the “inert Oort cloud”), both are weak, resulting in very long evolution timescales. To date, three observed objects can be considered to belong to this category.AimsWe aim to provide a clear understanding of where this transition occurs, and to characterise the long-term dynamics of small bodies in the intermediate regime: relevant resonances, chaotic zones (if any), and timescales at play.MethodsThe different regimes are explored analytically and numerically. We also monitored the behaviour of swarms of particles during 4.5 Gyrs in order to identify which of the dynamical features are discernible in a realistic amount of time.ResultsThere exists a tilted equilibrium plane (Laplace plane) about which orbits precess. The dynamics is integrable in the low and high semi-major axis regimes, but mostly chaotic in between. From about 800 to 1100 astronomical units (au), the chaos covers almost all the eccentricity range. The diffusion timescales are large, but not to the point of being indiscernible in a 4.5 Gyrs duration: the perihelion distance can actually vary from tens to hundreds of au. Orbital variations are damped near the ecliptic (where previous studies focussed), but favoured in specific ranges of inclination corresponding to well-defined resonances. Moreover, starting from uniform distributions, the orbital angles cluster after 4.5 Gyrs for semi-major axes larger than 500 au, because of a very slow differential precession.ConclusionsEven if it is characterised by very long timescales, the inert Oort cloud mostly features chaotic regions; it is therefore much less inert than it appears. Orbits can be considered inert over 4.5 Gyrs only in small portions of the space of orbital elements, which include (90377) Sedna and 2012VP113. Effects of the galactic tides are discernible down to semi-major axes of about 500 au. We advocate including the galactic tides in simulations of distant trans-Neptunian objects, especially when studying the formation of detached bodies or the clustering of orbital elements.
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