Neuropeptides in Hydra
Neuropeptides in Hydra
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水螅中的神经肽
DOI：
10.1016/0166-2236(79)90049-3
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发表时间：
1979
影响因子：
15.9
通讯作者：
H. Schaller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Schaller
在Hydra中已经分离出四种材料，分别作为足部激活剂、头部激活剂、足部抑制剂或头部抑制剂。激活剂是可能具有神经递质/神经调节剂特性的多肽，而抑制剂是可能具有激素功能的非多肽。一个有趣的发现是在哺乳动物的大脑和肠道中发现了类似头部激活剂的肽。神经分泌细胞既存在于大脑中，也存在于高等生物的周围神经系统中；与其他神经细胞相比，神经分泌细胞似乎是相对不特化的。它们通常同时具有神经元和腺体的功能，它们产生不止一种，通常是肽性的分泌产物。最近，越来越多的证据表明，大脑和胃肠道的神经分泌细胞产生相同的肽。这被解释为产生它们的细胞可能有一个共同的胚胎起源。在这篇文章中，我想证明，在一种非常简单的动物，即九头蛇，肽激素是由一种非特化的神经细胞产生的，而且在高等动物的大脑和肠道中也可以找到一种九头蛇肽。这被用来支持这样一种观点，即产生这种肽激素的神经细胞不仅在个体发育上，而且在系统发育上也是相关的。
Four materials have been isolated in Hydra which, respectively, act as foot activators, head activators, foot inhibitors, or head inhibitors. The activators are peptides with possible neurotransmitter/neuromodulator properties, whereas the inhibitors are non-peptides with possible hormonal functions. An intriguing finding has been the discovery of head-activator-like peptides in mammalian brain and intestine.Neurosecretory cells are to be found both in the brain and in the peripheral nervous system of higher organisms; in contrast with other nerve cells, neurosecretory cells seem to be relatively unspecialized. Very often they have both neuronal and glandular functions, and they produce more than one, usually peptidic, secretory product. Recently, evidence has begun to accumulate to show that neurosecretory cells in the brain and in the gastrointes: tinal tract produce identical peptides. This has been interpreted to mean that the cells producing them may have a common embryological origin s. In this article I want to show that in a very simple animal, namely Hydra, peptide hormones are produced by an unspecialized type of nerve cell, and that one of the Hydra peptides can also be found in the brain and intestines of higher animals. This is used as an argument to support the notion that the nerve cells which produce such peptide hormones are not only ontogenetically, but also phylogenetically, related.