Dynamic self-assembly of motile bacteria in liquid crystals.
Dynamic self-assembly of motile bacteria in liquid crystals.
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DOI：
10.1039/c3sm52423j
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发表时间：
2014-01-07
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Abbott NL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mushenheim PC;Trivedi RR;Tuson HH;Weibel DB;Abbott NL
本文报告了对溶致液晶 (LC) 定义的各向异性粘弹性环境中活动杆状细菌动力学行为的研究。与通过弹性介导的力在液晶中不可逆地结合的被动微粒（包括非运动细菌）相比，我们报告说，运动的奇异变形杆菌细菌在分散在溶致液晶中时形成动态且可逆的多细胞组装体。通过测量细菌通过 LC 的速度 (8.8 +/- 0.2 μm/s) 并表征 LC 关于棒状细菌的排序（切向锚定），我们得出结论，细菌间相互作用的可逆性源于细菌鞭毛和 LC 弹性产生的力的相互作用，对于运动的奇异变形杆菌细胞来说，这两种力的大小（数十 pN）相当。我们还测量了解离过程，该过程以 LC 确定的方向发生，以使运动奇异变形杆菌群体中多细胞细菌复合物的大小分布相对于非运动细胞群体产生偏差。总的来说，这些观察结果和本文报道的其他观察结果提供了对复杂各向异性环境中细菌基本动力学行为的深入了解，并表明液晶中的运动细菌是一个令人兴奋的模型系统，可用于探索活性材料的设计原理。
This paper reports an investigation of dynamical behaviors of motile rod-shaped bacteria within anisotropic viscoelastic environments defined by lyotropic liquid crystals (LCs). In contrast to passive microparticles (including non-motile bacteria) that associate irreversibly in LCs via elasticity-mediated forces, we report that motile Proteus mirabilis bacteria form dynamic and reversible multi-cellular assemblies when dispersed in a lyotropic LC. By measuring the velocity of the bacteria through the LC (8.8 +/− 0.2 μm/s) and by characterizing the ordering of the LC about the rod-shaped bacteria (tangential anchoring), we conclude that the reversibility of the inter-bacterial interaction emerges from the interplay of forces generated by the flagella of the bacteria and the elasticity of the LC, both of which are comparable in magnitude (tens of pN) for motile Proteus mirabilis cells. We also measured the dissociation process, which occurs in a direction determined by the LC, to bias the size distribution of multi-cellular bacterial complexes in a population of motile Proteus mirabilis relative to a population of non-motile cells. Overall, these observations and others reported in this paper provide insight into the fundamental dynamical behaviors of bacteria in complex anisotropic environments and suggest that motile bacteria in LCs are an exciting model system for exploration of principles for the design of active materials.
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