Developing the basis for target injection and tracking in inertial fusion energy power plants
Developing the basis for target injection and tracking in inertial fusion energy power plants
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开发惯性聚变能源发电厂目标注入和跟踪的基础
DOI：
10.1016/s0920-3796(01)00593-2
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Schultz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Goodin;C. Gibson;R. Petzoldt;N. Siegel;L. Thompson;A. Nobile;G. Besenbruch;K. Schultz
商业惯性聚变能（IFE）发电厂的燃料供应包括每天供应约50万个聚变靶。在这方面，最具挑战性的目标类型是激光驱动的直接驱动IFE。带有低温DT燃料的球形胶囊必须被注入到在高达1500°C的温度下操作并且可能含有多达0.5 Torr的氙气填充气体的反应室的中心。DT层必须保持高度对称，具有光滑的内部冰表面光洁度，并且在约18.5K的温度下到达室中心。该目标必须定位在灭菌室中心，定位精度为±5 mm。激光驱动器光束和目标在其最终位置的对准精度必须在±20 μm范围内。所有这些都必须每秒重复六次。为满足这些要求而提出的方法是将目标以高速（10400 m/s）注入反应室，跟踪它们，并用可操纵的驱动光束在飞行中击中它们。与这项任务相关的具有挑战性的科学和技术问题正在通过分析，建模，材料性能测量和具有代表性的注射设备的演示测试相结合来解决。洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室计划测量相关的DT特性。目前正在设计一个实验性的目标注入和跟踪系统，以支持发展可生存的目标，并演示成功的注入方案。目标加热的分析正在进行中。计算表明，直接驱动靶必须具有高反射性的外表面，以防止热辐射引起的过度加热。此外，在注射期间由热腔室填充气体产生的加热远远超过热辐射。得出的结论是，干壁，充气反应室必须具有的气体压力小于先前假设的，以防止在当前的直接驱动靶设计过度加热。已经开始了一项综合发电厂系统研究，以解决这一问题。
Fueling of a commercial Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) power plant consists of supplying about 500,000 fusion targets each day. The most challenging type of target in this regard is for laser-driven, direct drive IFE. Spherical capsules with cryogenic DT fuel must be injected into the center of a reaction chamber operating at temperatures as high as 1500°C and possibly containing as much as 0.5 Torr of xenon fill gas. The DT layer must remain highly symmetric, have a smooth inner ice surface finish, and reach the chamber center at a temperature of about 18.5 K. This target must be positioned at the center of the chamber with a placement accuracy of ±5 mm. The accuracy of alignment of the laser driver beams and the target in its final position must be within ±20 μm. All this must be repeated six times per second. The method proposed to meet these requirements is injecting the targets into the reaction chamber at high speed (∼400 m/s), tracking them, and hitting them on the fly with steerable driver beams. The challenging scientific and technological issues associated with this task are being addressed through a combination of analyses, modeling, materials property measurements, and demonstration tests with representative injection equipment. Measurements of relevant DT properties are planned at Los Alamos National Laboratory. An experimental target injection and tracking system is now being designed to support the development of survivable targets and demonstrate successful injection scenarios. Analyses of target heating are underway. Calculations have shown that the direct drive target must have a highly reflective outer surface to prevent excess heating by thermal radiation. In addition, heating by hot chamber fill gas during injection far outweighs the thermal radiation. It is concluded that the dry-wall, gas-filled reaction chambers must have gas pressures less than previously assumed in order to prevent excessive heating in the current direct drive target designs. An integrated power plant systems study to address this issue has been initiated.