History of Helicobacter pylori, duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer and gastric cancer
History of Helicobacter pylori, duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer and gastric cancer
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DOI：
10.3748/wjg.v20.i18.5191
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发表时间：
2014-05-14
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Graham, David Y.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Graham, David Y.
幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染是胃溃疡、胃癌、十二指肠溃疡等疾病的基础。疾病表达反映了胃炎/胃萎缩(即十二指肠溃疡伴非萎缩性胃溃疡和胃溃疡以及胃癌伴萎缩性胃炎)的模式和程度。胃和十二指肠溃疡以及胃癌已经有几千年的历史了。溃疡通常是非致命性的，直到20世纪都很难诊断。然而，在过去的文明中，胃炎的存在和模式可以根据现在的疾病来推断。有人认为，胃溃疡和十二指肠溃疡在19世纪的欧洲都出现了或变得更加常见。在这里，我们表明，胃癌和胃溃疡在整个17至19世纪都存在，与萎缩性胃炎是主要模式一致，正如在19世纪末可以直接检查时被证明的那样。20世纪以前的环境有利于幽门螺杆菌感染和萎缩性胃炎(例如，卫生和生活水平差，季节性饮食缺乏新鲜水果和蔬菜，特别是在冬天，维生素缺乏，以及儿童频繁的发烧感染)。19世纪后半叶，随着生活水平、卫生条件和饮食的改善，萎缩性胃炎的发展速度相应下降，使十二指肠溃疡变得更加突出。在20世纪早期，内科医生认为他们可以在临床上诊断溃疡，诊断需要住院治疗“外科疾病”或“西皮”饮食。我们发现，虽然幽门螺杆菌在欧洲和美国仍然很常见和毒力很强，但环境变化导致胃炎模式的改变，导致幽门螺杆菌感染的表现发生变化，随后传播迅速下降，所有与幽门螺杆菌相关的疾病迅速下降。(C)2014年白石登出版集团有限公司。版权所有。
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection underlies gastric ulcer disease, gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer disease. The disease expression reflects the pattern and extent of gastritis/gastric atrophy (i.e., duodenal ulcer with non-atrophic and gastric ulcer and gastric cancer with atrophic gastritis). Gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer have been known for thousands of years. Ulcers are generally non-fatal and until the 20th century were difficult to diagnose. However, the presence and pattern of gastritis in past civilizations can be deduced based on the diseases present. It has been suggested that gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer both arose or became more frequent in Europe in the 19th century. Here, we show that gastric cancer and gastric ulcer were present throughout the 17th to 19th centuries consistent with atrophic gastritis being the predominant pattern, as it proved to be when it could be examined directly in the late 19th century. The environment before the 20th century favored acquisition of H. pylori infection and atrophic gastritis (e.g., poor sanitation and standards of living, seasonal diets poor in fresh fruits and vegetables, especially in winter, vitamin deficiencies, and frequent febrile infections in childhood). The latter part of the 19th century saw improvements in standards of living, sanitation, and diets with a corresponding decrease in rate of development of atrophic gastritis allowing duodenal ulcers to become more prominent. In the early 20th century physician's believed they could diagnose ulcers clinically and that the diagnosis required hospitalization for "surgical disease" or for "Sippy" diets. We show that while H. pylori remained common and virulent in Europe and the United States, environmental changes resulted in changes of the pattern of gastritis producing a change in the manifestations of H. pylori infections and subsequently to a rapid decline in transmission and a rapid decline in all H. pylori-related diseases. (C) 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Co., Limited. All rights reserved.