Hitting is Contagious: Experience and Action Induction
Hitting is Contagious: Experience and Action Induction
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DOI：
10.1037/a0022846
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发表时间：
2011-03-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Beilock, Sian L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gray, Rob;Beilock, Sian L.
在棒球运动中，人们相信“击球具有传染性”，也就是说，如果前几个击球手击球，成功的概率就会增加。这种效应是否可以部分地用行动诱导来解释，也就是说，倾向于执行与刚刚观察到的行为相关的行为？采用模拟实验研究了诱导刺激对经验丰富（ME）和经验不足（LE）棒球运动员击球表现的影响。三种类型的诱导刺激与无诱导条件进行了比较：动作（一个模拟的球从本垒板进入左，右，或中心领域），结果（一个球休息在左，右，或中心领域），和口头（词“左”，“中心”，或“右”）。对于ME和LE球员来说，在动作条件下成功命中所需的投手更少。对于ME球员，有一个显着的关系之间的诱导刺激方向和打击方向的行动和结果提示。对于LE球员来说，提示只对动作条件下的击球表现有显着影响，而且影响的幅度明显小于ME。诱导刺激的影响随着延迟而减弱（即，提示和命中之间的音高数）增加，在ME的大约4个音高和LE的2个音高之后，效果被消除。有人建议，作为经验的函数的动作感应的幅度和时间过程中的差异发生，因为ME有更发达的定向打击的感知电机表示。
In baseball, it is believed that "hitting is contagious," that is, probability of success increases if the previous few batters get a hit. Could this effect be partially explained by action induction that is, the tendency to perform an action related to one that has just been observed? A simulation was used to investigate the effect of inducing stimuli on batting performance for more-experienced (ME) and less-experienced (LE) baseball players. Three types of inducing stimuli were compared with a no-induction condition: action (a simulated ball traveling from home plate into left, right, or center field), outcome (a ball resting in either left, right, or center field), and verbal (the word "left", "center", or "right"). For both ME and LE players, fewer pitchers were required for a successful hit in the action condition. For ME players, there was a significant relationship between the inducing stimulus direction and hit direction for both the action and outcome prompts. For LE players, the prompt only had a significant effect on batting performance in the action condition, and the magnitude of the effect was significantly smaller than for ME. The effect of the inducing stimulus decreased as the delay (i.e., no. of pitches between prompt and hit) increased, with the effect being eliminated after roughly 4 pitches for ME and 2 pitches for LE. It is proposed that the differences in the magnitude and time course of action induction as a function of experience occurred because ME have more well-developed perceptual-motor representations for directional hitting.