The Clinical Application of MicroRNAs in Infectious Disease.
The Clinical Application of MicroRNAs in Infectious Disease.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2017.01182
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Pollard AJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Drury RE;O'Connor D;Pollard AJ
MicroRNAs （miRNAs）是短单链非编码RNA序列，转录后调节高达60%的蛋白质编码基因。越来越多的证据表明，mirna是宿主对感染反应的关键介质，主要通过调节参与先天和适应性免疫途径的蛋白质。mirna可以控制某些病毒的细胞向性，与某些个体对艾滋病毒等感染的抵抗力有关，并与老年人疫苗反应受损有关。毫不奇怪，病原体已经进化出了破坏mirna对免疫力影响的方法。认识到这一点导致了新的实验性治疗，RG-101和miravirsen - C型肝炎治疗靶向宿主miRNA。mirna作为新型感染生物标志物正在被研究，它们正被用于设计减毒疫苗，例如针对登革热病毒的疫苗。这篇全面的综述综合了miRNA在宿主对感染反应中的现有知识，重点是潜在的临床应用，以及对仍需克服的挑战的评估。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short single-stranded non-coding RNA sequences that posttranscriptionally regulate up to 60% of protein encoding genes. Evidence is emerging that miRNAs are key mediators of the host response to infection, predominantly by regulating proteins involved in innate and adaptive immune pathways. miRNAs can govern the cellular tropism of some viruses, are implicated in the resistance of some individuals to infections like HIV, and are associated with impaired vaccine response in older people. Not surprisingly, pathogens have evolved ways to undermine the effects of miRNAs on immunity. Recognition of this has led to new experimental treatments, RG-101 and Miravirsen—hepatitis C treatments which target host miRNA. miRNAs are being investigated as novel infection biomarkers, and they are being used to design attenuated vaccines, e.g., against Dengue virus. This comprehensive review synthesizes current knowledge of miRNA in host response to infection with emphasis on potential clinical applications, along with an evaluation of the challenges still to be overcome.