Statistical inference of in vivo properties of human DNA methyltransferases from double-stranded methylation patterns.

Statistical inference of in vivo properties of human DNA methyltransferases from double-stranded methylation patterns.
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根据双链甲基化模式对人类 DNA 甲基转移酶的体内特性进行统计推断。

DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0032225
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Stephens M
Stephens M
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Fu AQ;Genereux DP;Stöger R;Burden AF;Laird CD;Stephens M

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DNA甲基转移酶在细胞中建立甲基化模式,并将这些模式传递给细胞世代,从而影响每个细胞的表观遗传状态。在哺乳动物中已经鉴定出三种主要的DNA甲基转移酶:DNMT 1、DNMT 3A和DNMT 3B。广泛的体外研究已经调查了这些酶的关键特性,即它们的底物特异性和持续合成能力。在这里,我们研究这些属性在体内,通过应用新的统计分析方法,收集使用发夹-亚硫酸氢盐PCR的双链DNA甲基化模式。我们的分析适合一种新的隐马尔可夫模型(HMM)的观察到的数据,允许潜在的亚硫酸氢盐转化错误,并产生量化酶的持续合成能力和底物特异性的参数的统计估计。我们将该模型应用于在人体三个基因座体内建立的甲基化模式:两个密集甲基化的非活性X(Xi)连锁基因座(和),以及一个常染色体基因座(),其中甲基化密度具有组织特异性,但中等。我们发现了强有力的证据,DNMT 1的持续合成能力高,平均关联道长度为几百个碱基对。无论组织类型如何,甲基化模式都由DNMT 1维持事件主导,类似于两个Xi连锁的基因座,但关于持续合成能力的信息不足,无法得出关于该基因座持续合成能力的任何结论。在所有三个位点,我们发现,DNMT 1显示出强烈的偏好添加甲基基团的半甲基化的CpG位点比未甲基化的网站。在所有三个基因座的数据也表明低(可能为0)的从头甲基转移酶,DNMT 3的关联,因此,这些酶的持续合成能力或偏好的信息。我们还扩展了我们的HMM重新分析小鼠DNMT 1在体外活动的公开数据。结果表明,较短的联合道(因此较弱的持续合成能力),和更长的非联合道比人DNMT 1在体内。
DNA methyltransferases establish methylation patterns in cells and transmit these patterns over cell generations, thereby influencing each cell's epigenetic states. Three primary DNA methyltransferases have been identified in mammals: DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B. Extensive in vitro studies have investigated key properties of these enzymes, namely their substrate specificity and processivity. Here we study these properties in vivo, by applying novel statistical analysis methods to double-stranded DNA methylation patterns collected using hairpin-bisulfite PCR. Our analysis fits a novel Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to the observed data, allowing for potential bisulfite conversion errors, and yields statistical estimates of parameters that quantify enzyme processivity and substrate specificity. We apply this model to methylation patterns established in vivo at three loci in humans: two densely methylated inactive X (Xi)-linked loci ( and ), and an autosomal locus (), where methylation densities are tissue-specific but moderate. We find strong evidence for a high level of processivity of DNMT1 at and , with the mean association tract length being a few hundred base pairs. Regardless of tissue types, methylation patterns at are dominated by DNMT1 maintenance events, similar to the two Xi-linked loci, but are insufficiently informative regarding processivity to draw any conclusions about processivity at that locus. At all three loci we find that DNMT1 shows a strong preference for adding methyl groups to hemi-methylated CpG sites over unmethylated sites. The data at all three loci also suggest low (possibly 0) association of the de novo methyltransferases, the DNMT3s, and are consequently uninformative about processivity or preference of these enzymes. We also extend our HMM to reanalyze published data on mouse DNMT1 activities in vitro. The results suggest shorter association tracts (and hence weaker processivity), and much longer non-association tracts than human DNMT1 in vivo.
DNA 亚硫酸氢盐转化中的错误:调节不适当和失败的转化频率。
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