Ten-year legacy of organic carbon in non-agricultural (brownfield) soils restored using green waste compost exceeds 4 per mille per annum: Benefits and trade-offs of a circular economy approach.
Ten-year legacy of organic carbon in non-agricultural (brownfield) soils restored using green waste compost exceeds 4 per mille per annum: Benefits and trade-offs of a circular economy approach.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.174
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发表时间：
2019-10
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Lord;R. Sakrabani
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Lord;R. Sakrabani
在英国以前开发的一个1 公顷的场地使用来源分离的绿色垃圾堆肥10 年后，对土壤有机碳进行了重新分析，以与巴黎COP21会议上提出的4 /mle倡议所建议的增加进行比较。2007年，在种植多年生能源作物之前，按PAS100标准配制的堆肥在粘土底土中分别以250、500和750 t·ha−1的比例进行了一次添加。我们的结果表明，在堆肥使用十年后，有机碳、总养分N和P，或污染物锌、铅、铜、砷和硼仍有显著的差异增加。对于500或750 t·ha−1堆肥，经过10年的自然更新，上层10-15 cm的有机碳增量为0.85%或1.6%，而对照地区的基线为1.8%，有机碳增量为4.9%。根据堆肥分析与目前水平的比较计算出的元素负荷表明，在应用后，有机碳的年平均降幅接近10%，相比之下，养分或污染物的降幅为5%，大致相当于分别为5或10 年的半衰期。这项研究论证了一次性、高比例使用垃圾衍生堆肥改良城市土壤的长期土壤有机质(SOM)添加、肥力效益和技术可行性，与增加PTE负荷的潜在权衡相比。这种有机碳增加的持久性，以前在棕地土壤中没有被认识到，可能被推断到其他阻止进一步耕作的地区，如景观恢复后的典型情况或用于生产生物质的多年生能源作物。这一史无前例的结果对生物能源的边际土地利用以及其中利用人为有机废物进行SOC管理以减少温室气体排放的机会具有更广泛的影响。
Soil organic carbon (SOC) was re-analysed 10 years after application of source-segregated green waste compost at a 1 ha previously-developed UK site to compare with the increases suggested by the 4 per mille initiative proposed at COP21 in Paris. Compost prepared to PAS100 standard had been incorporated once at rates of 250, 500 and 750 t·ha−1in 2007 in clay subsoil prior to planting of perennial energy crops. Our results show statistically significant differential increases in SOC, total nutrients N and P, or contaminants Zn, Pb, Cu, As and B, remain from the compost application after a decade. For the 500 or 750 t·ha−1compost rates the SOC increments in the upper 10–15 cm were 0.85% or 1.6% over the 4.9% developed from a baseline of 1.8% in control areas by a decade of natural regeneration. Calculation of the elemental loadings from the compost analyses compared to the present-day levels suggests SOC declines after application at an average annual rate approaching 10%, compared to 5% for the nutrients or contaminants, roughly equivalent to half-lives of 5 or 10 years respectively. The study demonstrates the long-term soil organic matter (SOM) additions, fertility benefits and technical feasibility of a one-off, high-rate application of waste-derived compost to improve urban soils, compared to the potential trade-off of adding to PTE loadings. This longevity of SOC addition, previously unrecognised in brownfield soils, may be inferred for other areas where further cultivation is precluded, as is typical after landscape restoration or under perennial energy crops for the production of biomass. This unprecedented result has wider implications for marginal land use for bioenergy and the opportunities therein for SOC management using anthropogenic organic wastes to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions.