The cognitive neuroscience of response inhibition: Relevance for genetic research in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
The cognitive neuroscience of response inhibition: Relevance for genetic research in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.10.026
复制
发表时间：
2005-06-01
影响因子：
10.6
通讯作者：
Poldrack, RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aron, AR;Poldrack, RA
在行为和神经上明确规定的心理功能可以作为注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）研究的内表型。这种内在表型，位于基因和症状之间，可能比临床ADHD综合征本身更直接地与相关的遗传变异有关。在这里，我们审查的证据有利于反应抑制作为ADHD研究的内表型。我们表明，反应抑制-操作的去/不去或停止信号任务-需要前额叶皮层（PFC），特别是右下额叶皮层（IFC）; ADHD患者有显着的反应抑制缺陷，并显示改变功能激活和灰质体积在右IFC;和一些研究表明，反应抑制性能是遗传的。此外，我们审查有关基底神经节在反应抑制中的作用，以及神经调节系统的作用的证据。综合考虑，组合的正确IFC结构/功能/反应抑制表型是未来遗传和关联研究的特别好的候选者。此外，将反应抑制分解为更基本的组成部分，如规则维护，警惕性和目标检测，可能会为神经调节和大脑发育的基因提供更好的目标。
Psychological functions that are behaviourally and neurally well specified may serve as endophenotypes for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) research. Such endophenotypes, which lie between genes and symptoms, may relate more directly to relevant genetic variability than does the clinical ADHD syndrome itself. Here we review evidence in favour of response inhibition as an endophenotype for ADHD research. We show that response inhibition - operationalised by Go/No Go or Stop-signal tasks - requires the prefrontal cortex (PFC), in particular the right inferior frontal cortex (IFC); that patients with ADHD have significant response inhibition deficits and show altered functional activation and gray matter volumes in right IFC; and that a number of studies indicate that response inhibition performance is heritable. Additionally we review evidence concerning the role of the basal ganglia in response inhibition, as well as the role of neuromodulatory systems. All things considered, a combined right IFC structure/function/response inhibition phenotype is a particularly good candidate for future heritability and association studies. Moreover, a dissection of response inhibition into more basic components such as rule maintenance, vigilance, and target detection may provide yet better targets for association with genes for neuromodulation and brain development.