The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976
The Great Tangshan Earthquake of 1976
复制标题
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Huixi Liu;G. Housner;Xie Lili;He Duxin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huixi Liu;G. Housner;Xie Lili;He Duxin
1976年7月28日凌晨4点，中国唐山市不复存在。一次7.8级的地震是由穿过城市的断层产生的，导致85%的建筑物倒塌或严重损坏而无法使用，死亡人数巨大。地震造成电力系统、供水系统、下水道系统、电话电报系统、无线电通讯系统瘫痪，大型煤矿和依赖煤炭的工业遭到破坏。铁路和公路桥梁倒塌了，使这个城市与外界隔绝了。地震前，唐山有100万居民，据估计约有一半死亡。虽然建筑规范中有抗震设计要求，但唐山是一个不需要抗震设计的地区。地震灾害要求大地震有效地接近大城市，产生破坏性的地面震动，并且城市的建筑物没有设计用于抗震。唐山地震符合所有这些条件，其结果是世界历史上最大的地震灾害。许多国家的城市的情况与唐山地震前的情况相似，即估计遭受破坏性地震的可能性很低，许多建筑物的抗震能力很低，因此这份报告应该引起这些地震国家的工程师，建筑师和政府官员的特别兴趣。该报告显示了当一场意想不到的地震袭击一个毫无准备的城市时会发生什么，并明确了即使地震发生的可能性很低，也需要做好地震准备。
At 4:00 a.m. on July 28, 1976 the city of Tangshan, China ceased to exist. A magnitude 7.8 earthquake was generated by a fault that passed through the city and caused 85% of the buildings to collapse or to be so seriously damaged as to be unusable, and the death toll was enormous. The earthquake caused the failures of the electric power system, the water supply system, the sewer system, the telephone and telegraph systems, and radio communications; and the large coal mines and the industries dependent on coal were devastated. The railway and highway bridges collapsed so that the city was isolated from the external world. Before the earthquake Tangshan had 1,000,000 inhabitants and it has been estimated that about one half were killed. Although the building code had seismic design requirements, Tangshan was in a zone requiring no earthquake design. An earthquake disaster requires a large earthquake efficiently close to a large city to produce destructive ground shaking and that the city has buildings not designed to resist earthquakes. The Tangshan disaster met all these requirements and the result was the greatest earthquake disaster in the history of the world. Many countries have cities whose situation is similar to that of pre-earthquake Tangshan, that is, an estimated low probability of being struck by destructive ground shaking and many buildings with low seismic resistance so this report should be of special interest to engineers, architects, and government officials in these seismic countries. The report shows what can happen when an unexpected earthquake strikes an unprepared city and it makes clear the need for earthquake preparedness even if the probability of an earthquake is assumed to be low.