Vitamin B12 sources and microbial interaction
Vitamin B12 sources and microbial interaction
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DOI：
10.1177/1535370217746612
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发表时间：
2018-01-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Bito, Tomohiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Watanabe, Fumio;Bito, Tomohiro
维生素B-12只由某些细菌和古菌合成，植物不能合成。合成的维生素B-12在动物组织中转移和积累，这可以通过微生物相互作用发生在某些植物和蘑菇物种中。特别是，食草反刍动物（例如牛和羊）的肉和奶是人类维生素B-12的良好来源。反刍动物通过与胃中细菌的共生关系获得维生素B-12，这被认为是一种必需的营养素。在水生环境中，大多数浮游植物通过与细菌的共生关系获得维生素B-12，它们成为幼鱼和双壳类的食物。食用植物和蘑菇很少含有大量的维生素B-12，这主要是由于土壤和/或其空气表面中伴随的细菌。因此，人类主要通过反刍动物和鱼（或贝类）作为食物来源获得通过微生物相互作用形成的维生素B-12。在这篇综述中，最新的信息维生素B-12的来源和生物利用度进行了讨论。
Vitamin B-12 is synthesized only by certain bacteria and archaeon, but not by plants. The synthesized vitamin B-12 is transferred and accumulates in animal tissues, which can occur in certain plant and mushroom species through microbial interaction. In particular, the meat and milk of herbivorous ruminant animals (e.g. cattle and sheep) are good sources of vitamin B-12 for humans. Ruminants acquire vitamin B-12, which is considered an essential nutrient, through a symbiotic relationship with the bacteria present in their stomachs. In aquatic environments, most phytoplankton acquire vitamin B-12 through a symbiotic relationship with bacteria, and they become food for larval fish and bivalves. Edible plants and mushrooms rarely contain a considerable amount of vitamin B-12, mainly due to concomitant bacteria in soil and/or their aerial surfaces. Thus, humans acquire vitamin B-12 formed by microbial interaction via mainly ruminants and fish (or shellfish) as food sources. In this review, up-to-date information on vitamin B-12 sources and bioavailability are also discussed.