The mechanism of finger control, based on electromyograms and location analysis.
The mechanism of finger control, based on electromyograms and location analysis.
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基于肌电图和位置分析的手指控制机制。
DOI：
10.1159/000142668
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发表时间：
1965
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
C. Long
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Landsmeer;C. Long
本文分析了手指控制的机理。它是基于肌电图研究和解剖位置分析的数据。肌电图研究提供有关肌肉积极参与的信息。位置分析提供了关于精确解剖位置的运动学意义的信息。这种解释需要进一步的理论考虑，手部和前臂肌肉和其他结构的被动或粘弹性贡献。有必要回顾一下艾德在艾德撰写本文之前所做的一些工作，这些工作是本文结论的基础。位置分析产生了一些关于手指控制的理论，这些理论是基于多关节连杆的肌肉运动控制。这里对这项工作作了部分总结;读者可以参考早期的工作以了解细节（兰茨梅尔[1955，1958，1961，1963 a，B]）。人手指的多关节系统可以通过使用一个简单的模型，铰接链，由两个单轴关节和两个肌腱桥接。肌腱位于双关节系统的相对侧，因此它们可以被认为是屈肌和伸肌。它可以表明，由一个单一的屈肌和一个单一的伸肌，都跨越两个关节控制的双关节模型，具有一定的可预测的特点。首先，两个关节不可能仅由两个肌腱彼此独立地控制。其次，如果两个肌腱都被加载，则系统将不可避免地塌陷到一个关节屈曲而另一个关节伸展的位置。第三，如果两个关节处的两个肌腱的梁（力矩臂）是已知的，则可以预测哪个关节将向屈曲方向塌陷，哪个关节将向伸展方向塌陷。可以进一步在两个关节、两块肌肉模型上证明，如果其中一个关节已经移动到其在其自然塌陷方向上的偏移的极限，则系统可以完全由两块肌肉控制。当这样一个条件
This paper presents an analysis of the mechanism of finger control. It is based on data from electromyographic studies and anatomic location analysis. Electromyoн graphic studies contribute information concerning the active participation of muscles. Location analysis provides information about the kinematic significance of precise anatomic location. The interpretation requires the addition of a further, theoretical consideration, the passive or viscoelastic contribution of muscles and other structures in the hand and forearm. It is necessary to review some of the work which has precedн ed this paper, and upon which the conclusions here are based. Location analysis has produced certain theories about finger control which are based on the musculotenн dinous control of a multiarticular linkage. This work is partially summarized here; the reader is referred to earlier works for details (Landsmeer [1955, 1958, 1961, 1963 a, b]). The multi-joint system of the human finger can be assessed by making use of a simple model, the articulate chain, consisting of two monoaxial joints and bridged by two tendons. The tendons are located on opposite sides of the two-joint system, so that they can be considered as flexor and extensor. It can be shown that the two-joint model, controlled by a single flexor and a single extensor, both crossing both joints, has certain predictable characteristics. First, it is impossible for the two joints to be controlled independently of each other by only the two tendons. Secondly, if both tendons are loaded, the system will inн evitably collapse into a position of flexion of one joint and extension of the other. Thirdly, if the beams (moment arms) of both tendons at both joints are known, it is then possible to predict which of the joints will collapse towards flexion and which towards extension.It can further be demonstrated on the two-joint, two muscle model that the system can be fully controlled by the two muscles if one of the joints has moved to the limits of its excursion in the direction of its natural collapse. When such a condiн