Effect of Mast Production on Home Range Use of Japanese Black Bears
Effect of Mast Production on Home Range Use of Japanese Black Bears
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DOI：
10.1002/jwmg.122
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发表时间：
2011-05-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Kaji, Koichi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kozakai, Chinatsu;Yamazaki, Koji;Kaji, Koichi
尽管熊可能会在食物供应不足时扩大其活动范围，但目前尚不清楚在日本森林中桅杆产量较低时，哪些机制直接影响活动范围的扩大。为了阐明日本黑熊 (Ursus thibetanus) 的栖息地利用与肥大生产的丰度和分布之间的关系，我们收集了 2006 年至 2008 年日本本州岛东部芦尾日光山脉中 13 只配有全球定位系统 (GPS) 项圈的熊（6 M 和 7 F）的栖息地利用数据，这些项圈配备了活动传感器。我们还收集了 5 种壳斗科物种肥大生产的数据。我们根据肥大产量将每年的秋季分为较差（2006 年）或相对较好（2007 年和 2008 年）。 2006 年秋季，熊在它们的大栖息地中使用小块区域，核心区域之间的距离增加，当时日本橡树 (Quercus Crisula) 的桅杆分布很差。我们的研究结果表明，即使在肥力较差的年份，局部的日本橡树片也是我们研究区域熊的主食。然而，在 2006 年秋天，我们还发现，与 2007 年和 2008 年相比，熊迁移到了较低的海拔地区，以寻找替代食物（例如科纳拉橡树 [Q. serrata] 和日本板栗 [Castanea crenata]），这些食物大多位于较低海拔地区，并且在研究期间持续产生肥大。我们的结果表明，产生桅杆的树木的分散和海拔分布会影响熊秋季栖息地的使用以及桅杆的数量。 (C) 2011 年野生动物协会。
Although bears may expand their home ranges in times of low food availability, it is unclear what mechanisms directly affect home range extension in times of low mast production in Japanese forests. To clarify the relationship between home range utilization by Japanese black bears (Ursus thibetanus) and abundance and distribution of mast production, we collected data on habitat use from 13 bears (6 M and 7 F) fitted with Global Positioning System (GPS) collars equipped with activity sensors in the Ashio-Nikko Mountains on the eastern part of Honshu Island, Japan, during 2006-2008. We also collected data on mast production by 5 Fagaceae species. We categorized each fall as either poor (2006) or relatively-good (2007 and 2008) based on mast production. Bears used small patches in their large home ranges and the distances between core areas increased in the fall of 2006, when the mast of Japanese oak (Quercus crispula) were poorly distributed. Our findings suggest that localized patches of Japanese oak are the staple food for bears in our study area, even in poor mast years. However, in the fall of 2006, we also found that bears moved to lower elevations, relative to 2007 and 2008, in search of alternative foods (e. g., Konara oak [Q. serrata] and Japanese chestnut [Castanea crenata]), which were mostly at lower elevations and produced mast consistently over the study period. Our results suggest that dispersion and elevational distribution of mast-producing trees affect bear habitat use in fall, as well as amount of mast. (C) 2011 The Wildlife Society.