Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium botulinum
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DOI：
10.1128/9781555819972.ch18
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Johnson, Eric A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Johnson, Eric A.
肉毒杆菌中毒是一种由肉毒杆菌和罕见的酪酸梭菌和巴拉氏梭菌产生的肉毒杆菌神经毒素(BoNTs)引起的人和动物的一种神经肌肉麻痹疾病。BoNTs是已知的对人类和脊椎动物最有毒的毒素，在食源性毒素中几乎是独一无二的，因为它通过口服途径具有高度毒性。肉毒杆菌产生的内孢子对许多食品加工条件和食品中的抗菌剂具有抵抗力。在允许的条件下，肉毒杆菌可以生长并形成BONT，在消费时会导致肉毒杆菌中毒。肉毒杆菌产生七种BoNTs血清型(A、B、C1、D、E、F和G)，通过使用针对纯化毒素制备的同源抗血清对小鼠的毒性中和来区分它们。在美国，肉毒杆菌和BoNTs被归类为一级选择制剂，是最危险的生物制剂组，需要高安全性的实验室设施和经过严格培训的人员来进行C。肉毒杆菌毒素和数量(>；1毫克)的BoNTs，使其有资格成为选择剂。肉毒杆菌中毒的爆发被认为是一种公共卫生紧急情况，并导致监管和行业的快速反应。
Botulism is a neuromuscular paralytic disease in humans and animals resulting from the actions of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), which are produced byClostridium botulinumand rare strains ofClostridium butyricumandClostridium baratii. BoNTs are the most poisonous toxins known for humans and vertebrate animals and are almost unique among foodborne toxins in being highly toxic by the oral route.C.botulinumproduces endospores that are resistant to many food processing conditions and to antimicrobials in foods. Under permissive conditions,C. botulinumcan grow and form BoNT, which on consumption causes botulism.C. botulinumproduces seven serotypes of BoNTs (A, B, C1, D, E, F, and G), which are distinguished by neutralization of toxicity in mice using homologous antisera prepared against the purified toxins. In the United States,C. botulinumand BoNTs are categorized as tier 1 select agents, the most dangerous group of biological agents, and high‐security laboratory facilities and rigorously trained personnel are required to experiment withC. botulinumand quantities (>1 mg) of BoNTs that qualify it as a select agent. Outbreaks of botulism are considered a public health emergency and lead to rapid regulatory and industry responses.