Environmental Change and the Emergence of Infectious Diseases: A Regional Perspective from South America
Environmental Change and the Emergence of Infectious Diseases: A Regional Perspective from South America
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DOI：
10.4018/978-1-5225-0553-2.ch005
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Margonari, Carina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Confalonieri, Ulisses;Menezes, Julia Alves;Margonari, Carina
在过去几十年中，南美洲出现或重新出现了几种传染病，它们要么是大规模流行病的一部分，要么是涉及本地病原体的地方过程。这些疾病包括节肢动物传播的病毒性疾病，如登革热、基孔肯雅热和寨卡病毒，以及病毒性出血热，如汉坦病毒肺综合征、朱宁病毒、马丘波病毒和瓜纳里托病毒。寄生虫病也很重要，如非洲大陆北方流行的疟疾、利什曼病和恰加斯病。腐肉病，一种最初来自安第斯山脉地区的细菌感染，似乎也在地理上扩大。一些社会和环境过程导致了这些病原体的出现，包括人类迁徙、森林砍伐、道路和水坝建设以及气候变化。由于野生动物、节肢动物和病毒物种的高度生物多样性，亚马逊地区尚未受到影响的自然生态系统中出现新的人类感染的区域潜力最大。
In South America in the past decades several infectious diseases have emerged or re-emerged either as part of larger pandemics or as local processes involving autochthonous pathogens. These included arthropod-borne viral diseases, such as Dengue Fever, Chikungunya and Zika as well as viral hemorrhagic fevers, such as Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, Junin, Machupo and Guanarito viruses. Parasitic disease was also important such as Malaria, endemic in the northern part of the continent, Leishmaniasis and Chagas Disease. Carrion disease, a bacterial infection originally from the Andes region, also seems to be expanding geographically. Several social and environmental processes have contributed to the emergence of these pathogens, including human migration, deforestation, road and dam building and climate shifts. Due to its high biological diversity of wildlife, arthropods and virus species in still untouched natural ecosystems in the Amazon has the greatest regional potential for the emergence of new human infections.