Risk factors for secondary infertility among women in Karachi, Pakistan.
Risk factors for secondary infertility among women in Karachi, Pakistan.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0035828
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Saleem S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sami N;Ali TS;Wasim S;Saleem S
发展中国家的继发性不孕症主要是由于生殖道感染引起的粘连导致输卵管堵塞。巴基斯坦缺乏关于继发性不孕症的流行率和原因的资料。本文介绍了与巴基斯坦卡拉奇已婚妇女继发性不孕相关的因素。进行了配对病例对照研究。病例为年龄在15-35岁之间的妇女，至少有一次怀孕史，目前正在寻求继发性不孕症的治疗。对照组为居住在至少有一个活产病例附近且未接受继发性不孕症治疗的妇女。对照组的年龄与病例组的年龄匹配±5岁。数据收集于2003年6月至8月。条件Logistic回归用于确定与继发性不孕相关因素的粗比值比（OR）和调整后的比值比（OR）以及相应的95%置信区间（CI）。最终的多变量logistic回归模型显示，在调整年龄后，病例更可能是家庭主妇（AOR = 2.6，95%CI：1.5-4.4），在月经期间使用不适当的材料吸收血液（AOR = 9.0，95%CI：5.0-16.4），在最后一次分娩时，有一名助产士没有用肥皂和水洗手（AOR = 3.0，95%CI：1.4-5.7）。 此外，继发性不孕的妇女更可能报告目前或过去有性传播感染症状的病史（AOR = 3.6，95% CI：2.4-5.6），以及在产后最后一段时间使用阴道内土著药物（AOR = 3.1，95% CI：1.6-5.7）。 我们建议对一般妇女在月经、分娩和产后期间的安全做法进行健康教育和宣传。此外，应以负担得起的价格提供卫生巾，安全分娩包应包含适当洗手技能的教育/图片小册子。
Secondary infertility in developing countries is mostly attributable to blockage of the fallopian tubes due to adhesions caused by reproductive tract infections. There is a dearth of information on the prevalence and causes of secondary infertility from Pakistan. This paper presents results on factors associated with secondary infertility among married women in Karachi, Pakistan. A matched case-control study was conducted. Cases were women aged 15–35 years with history of at least one previous conception and currently seeking treatment for secondary infertility. Controls were women residing in the neighborhood of cases with at least one live birth and not taking treatment for secondary infertility. The age of controls was matched by ±5 years to that of cases. Data was collected from June to August 2003. Conditional logistic regression was used to determine crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for factors associated with secondary infertility. The final multivariate logistic regression model revealed that after adjusting for age, cases were more likely to be the housewives (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI:1.5–4.4), had used inappropriate material to absorb blood during menstruation (AOR = 9.0, 95% CI: 5.0–16.4), and at their last delivery, had a birth attendant who did not wash hands with soap and water (AOR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.4–5.7). Moreover, women with secondary infertility were more likely to report current or past history of having STI symptoms (AOR = 3.6, 95% CI: 2.4–5.6) and use of intra-vaginal indigenous medicines during their last post-partum period (AOR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.6–5.7). We recommend health education and awareness messages for safe practices during menstruation, delivery, and the postpartum period for women in general. Additionally, sanitary napkins should be made available at an affordable cost, and safe delivery kits should contain educational/pictorial brochures for appropriate hand washing skills.
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影响因子：
7.2
作者：
Saleem, S.;Reza, T.;Goldenberg, R. L.
通讯作者：
Goldenberg, R. L.
DOI：
10.1016/0002-9378(80)91074-1
发表时间：
1980-01-01
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
KOCHAR, M
通讯作者：
KOCHAR, M
影响因子：
6.1
作者：
Boivin, Jacky;Bunting, Laura;Nygren, Karl G.
通讯作者：
Nygren, Karl G.
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
CHATURVEDI, SK;CHANDRA, PS;SUDARSHAN, CY
通讯作者：
SUDARSHAN, CY
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Fikree, FF;Ali, T;Rahbar, MH
通讯作者：
Rahbar, MH