Common infections in older adults.
Common infections in older adults.
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发表时间：
2001-01
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通讯作者：
C. Mouton;O. Bazaldua;B. Pierce;D. Espino
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作者：
C. Mouton;O. Bazaldua;B. Pierce;D. Espino
在65岁及以上人口的死亡总数中，传染病占三分之一。早期发现在老年人是比较困难的，因为典型的体征和症状，如发烧和白细胞增多，往往没有。精神状态的改变或功能的下降可能是老年感染患者唯一的表现问题。据估计，肺炎导致的死亡中有90%发生在65岁及以上的人群中。流感造成的死亡也主要发生在老年人中。尿路感染是老年人菌血症的最常见原因。无症状菌尿多见于老年人；然而，抗生素治疗似乎并不有效。最近耐抗生素细菌（如耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌和耐万古霉素肠球菌）的增加对老年人来说是一个特别的问题，因为他们在医院和机构环境中接触感染的比率较高。定植和活动性感染的治疗是有问题的；严格遵守卫生习惯是防止耐药生物传播的必要条件。
Infectious diseases account for one third of all deaths in people 65 years and older. Early detection is more difficult in the elderly because the typical signs and symptoms, such as fever and leukocytosis, are frequently absent. A change in mental status or decline in function may be the only presenting problem in an older patient with an infection. An estimated 90 percent of deaths resulting from pneumonia occur in people 65 years and older. Mortality resulting from influenza also occurs primarily in the elderly. Urinary tract infections are the most common cause of bacteremia in older adults. Asymptomatic bacteriuria occurs frequently in the elderly; however, antibiotic treatment does not appear to be efficacious. The recent rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (e.g., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus) is a particular problem in the elderly because they are exposed to infections at higher rates in hospital and institutional settings. Treatment of colonization and active infection is problematic; strict adherence to hygiene practices is necessary to prevent the spread of resistant organisms.