In the Eye of the Cyclops: The Classic Case of Cospeciation and Why Paradigms are Important
In the Eye of the Cyclops: The Classic Case of Cospeciation and Why Paradigms are Important
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DOI：
10.1654/4724c.1
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
0.5
通讯作者：
Boeger, Walter A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brooks, Daniel R.;Hoberg, Eric P.;Boeger, Walter A.
由于经验问题--数据不足、关键数据类型不足、数据分析中的问题--导致的科学分歧通常是短暂的，并在下一个数据生产周期中得到解决。因此，这种分歧本质上是暂时的。另一方面，持续的科学冲突并不一定意味着一些事实是正确的，一些是错误的，也不意味着我们没有足够的信息。更常见的情况是，这种持续不断的冲突意味着不同研究人员使用的概念框架不足以解决数据中的明显冲突。后者似乎是关于共种化现象的持续分歧的情况，在这种现象中，历史上没有一个框架允许我们通过宿主切换来理解物种形成，而所涉及的宿主和寄生虫谱系是相同的年龄。现在，这种情况可以通过“斯德哥尔摩范式”的出现得到解决。简而言之，重新审视被称为“共种的经典案例”表明，在斯德哥尔摩范式的更大解释框架内，对共种的不同观点被包容和调和。考虑到需要对动物群的结构、组装和分布有基本的了解，以及在当前加速环境变化、生态扰动和新出现的传染病的舞台上理解多样性的历史和进化驱动因素，这些影响是相当大的。
Scientific disagreements due to empirical problems-not enough data, not enough of the critical type of data, problems in analyzing the data-are generally short-lived and resolved in the next cycle of data production. Such disagreements are thus transitory in nature. Persistent scientific conflicts, on the other hand, do not necessarily mean some facts are correct and some are wrong, nor do they mean that we do not have enough information. More often, such persistent conflicts mean that the conceptual frameworks used by different groups of researchers are insufficient to resolve apparent conflicts in the data. The latter seems to be the case with persistent disagreements about the phenomenon of cospeciation, wherein there has historically been no framework that allows us to understand speciation by host switching when the host and parasite lineages involved are of equal ages. This situation can now be resolved with the emergence of what has become known as the "Stockholm Paradigm.'' In short, re-examination of what has been dubbed the "classic case of cospeciation'' shows that divergent views of cospeciation are subsumed and reconciled within the larger explanatory framework of the Stockholm Paradigm. The implications are considerable, given the need to have a fundamental understanding of faunal structure, assembly, and distribution in addition to an understanding of the historical and evolutionary drivers of diversity within the current arena of accelerating environmental change, ecological perturbation, and emerging infectious diseases.