Mode of Consumption Plays a Role in Alleviating Hunger and Thirst
Mode of Consumption Plays a Role in Alleviating Hunger and Thirst
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DOI：
10.1038/oby.2011.345
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发表时间：
2012-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Westerterp-Plantenga, Margriet S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martens, Mieke J. I.;Westerterp-Plantenga, Margriet S.
在研究结构对饱腹感的影响时，忽略了消费方式、额外饮水和口渴的影响。目的是评估食物的结构、消费模式和额外饮水对饱腹感和口渴感的影响。在研究1中，20名受试者（BMI 22.5 +/- 0.5 kg/m（2）;年龄21.4 +/- 3岁）接受消耗条件; SEW：固体食物+750 ml水饮用; LEW：液化汤，包括500 ml水+250 ml水单独饮用; LDW：与LEW相同，但作为饮料; SE、LE和LD：和以前一样，但没有水喝。在研究2中，受试者的一个子集经历了消费条件：固体碳水化合物，固体蛋白质，固体脂肪：与SEW相同，但分别针对每种常量营养素;液化碳水化合物，液化蛋白质，液化脂肪：与LEW相同，但分别针对每种常量营养素。测量食欲、胰岛素浓度、葡萄糖浓度和生长激素释放肽浓度。进食对进食欲望的抑制作用大于对饮水欲望的抑制作用（P < 0.01）。单独饮水比在食物中饮水更能抑制口渴（P < 0.001）。关于蛋白质，饱腹感在固体与液化状态下更高，而血液参数没有显著差异。大多数受试者（80%）只在饭后才想吃更多的同一顿饭，以减轻饥饿（63%）或解渴（37%）。我们的结论是，消费方式在缓解饥饿和口渴的作用。受试者在饮用后需要进一步消费，出于饥饿或口渴的动机，这表明饮用一餐会导致混乱，可能意味着过度消费的风险。
While studying the effect of structure on satiety, effects of mode of consumption, additional water to drink, and thirst have been neglected. The objective was to assess effects of structure, mode of consumption of food, and additional drinking of water on fullness and thirst. In study 1, 20 subjects (BMI 22.5 +/- 0.5 kg/m(2); age 21.4 +/- 3 years) underwent consumption conditions; SEW: solids to eat + 750 ml water to drink; LEW: liquefied soup to eat including 500 ml water + 250 ml water separately to drink; LDW: the same as LEW but served as drinks; SE, LE, and LD: the same as previous but without water to drink. In study 2, a subset of subjects underwent consumption conditions: solid carbohydrate, solid protein, solid fat: the same as SEW, but for each macronutrient separately; liquefied carbohydrate, liquefied protein, liquefied fat: the same as LEW, but for each macronutrient separately. Appetite, insulin concentration, glucose concentration, and ghrelin concentration were measured. Eating, independent of structure, suppressed desire to eat more than drinking (P < 0.01). Drinking water separately vs. water consumption in the food suppressed thirst more (P < 0.001). Regarding protein, satiety was higher in the solid vs. liquefied condition, while blood parameters were not significantly different. Only after drinking a meal most subjects (80%) wanted to consume more of the same meal, in order to alleviate hunger (63%) or quench thirst (37%). We conclude that mode of consumption plays a role in alleviating hunger and thirst. Subjects required further consumption after drinking the meal, motivated by hunger or thirst, showing that drinking a meal causes confusion that may imply a risk of overconsumption.