Pathogen evolution across the agro-ecological interface: implications for disease management
Pathogen evolution across the agro-ecological interface: implications for disease management
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1752-4571.2007.00005.x
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发表时间：
2008-02-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Thrall, Peter H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burdon, Jeremy J.;Thrall, Peter H.
传染病是人类、植物和动物种群的主要致病因素。虽然它是普遍接受的在医学，兽医和农业背景下，宿主抗性和病原体的毒力和侵略性的变化是至关重要的理解模式的感染，有显着很少的努力，直接调查人口遗传结构和疾病动态之间的因果关系，甚至更少的工作影响宿主病原体共同进化的因素。缺乏经验证据特别令人惊讶，因为这种变异不仅可能影响疾病动态和流行，而且可能影响新疾病或病理类型出现的时间或地点。这种知识的缺乏越来越多地导致人们呼吁对疾病管理采取综合办法，将生态和进化过程结合起来。在这里，我们认为，发生在农业生态系统中的植物病原体是一个明显的例子，其中应用进化原理的疾病管理将是非常有益的，以及提供模型系统，以提高我们的能力，概括的长期共同进化动力学的寄主病原体系统。我们认为，这是特别的情况下，农业生态寄主病原体的相互作用代表了各种各样的情况，从那些只涉及农作物通过那些也包括杂草作物的亲戚，甚至不相关的本地植物群落。我们开始通过检查一些标准，是重要的，在确定参与农业病原体的演变，由非作物植物。在整个过程中，我们使用经验的例子来说明，不同的过程可能会在不同的系统中占主导地位的事实，并建议考虑生活史和空间结构是理解动态和方向的相互作用的核心。然后，我们讨论了这种相互作用对农业生态系统中疾病管理的影响，以及我们如何影响这些结果。最后，我们确定了几个主要的差距，未来的研究可以提高我们的能力，利用进化原理在农业生态系统中管理疾病。
Infectious disease is a major causal factor in the demography of human, plant and animal populations. While it is generally accepted in medical, veterinary and agricultural contexts that variation in host resistance and pathogen virulence and aggressiveness is of central importance to understanding patterns of infection, there has been remarkably little effort to directly investigate causal links between population genetic structure and disease dynamics, and even less work on factors influencing hostpathogen coevolution. The lack of empirical evidence is particularly surprising, given the potential for such variation to not only affect disease dynamics and prevalence, but also when or where new diseases or pathotypes emerge. Increasingly, this lack of knowledge has led to calls for an integrated approach to disease management, incorporating both ecological and evolutionary processes. Here, we argue that plant pathogens occurring in agro-ecosystems represent one clear example where the application of evolutionary principles to disease management would be of great benefit, as well as providing model systems for advancing our ability to generalize about the long-term coevolutionary dynamics of hostpathogen systems. We suggest that this is particularly the case given that agro-ecological hostpathogen interactions represent a diversity of situations ranging from those that only involve agricultural crops through to those that also include weedy crop relatives or even unrelated native plant communities. We begin by examining some of the criteria that are important in determining involvement in agricultural pathogen evolution by noncrop plants. Throughout we use empirical examples to illustrate the fact that different processes may dominate in different systems, and suggest that consideration of life history and spatial structure are central to understanding dynamics and direction of the interaction. We then discuss the implications that such interactions have for disease management in agro-ecosystems and how we can influence those outcomes. Finally, we identify several major gaps where future research could increase our ability to utilize evolutionary principles in managing disease in agro-ecosystems.