Wintertime spatial patterns of particulate matter in Fairbanks, AK during ALPACA 2022
Wintertime spatial patterns of particulate matter in Fairbanks, AK during ALPACA 2022
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2022 年 ALPAC 期间阿拉斯加州费尔班克斯冬季颗粒物空间格局
DOI：
10.1039/d2ea00140c
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
DeCarlo, Peter F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Robinson, Ellis S.;Cesler-Maloney, Meeta;Tan, Xinxiu;Mao, Jingqiu;Simpson, William;DeCarlo, Peter F.
费尔班克斯-北星星自治市（FNSB），阿拉斯加常年经历一些最糟糕的冬季空气质量在美国。2017年，FNSB因细颗粒物（PM2.5）浓度过高而被美国环境保护署指定为“严重”未达标地区。ALPACA（阿拉斯加分层污染和化学分析）现场活动的建立是为了了解空气污染的来源，污染物的转化，以及导致FNSB空气质量问题的气象条件。我们在ALPACA期间进行了道路上的移动的采样，以识别和了解整个研究领域的PM的空间模式，其中包含多个固定的现场和监管测量站点。我们的测量结果表明：（1）PM2.5浓度和成分的邻域间和邻域内变化都很大（>10 μg m−3）。(2)费尔班克斯PM的空间变化与气象条件密切相关;强烈逆温条件下存在显著的邻里差异，但在较弱的逆温条件下，大气条件更好地混合，显着减少。(3)在强逆温条件下，总PM2.5和黑碳（BC）在空间上紧密相关，并具有高的吸收朗格斯特伦指数值（AAE > 1.4），但在弱逆温条件下相对不相关，并具有较低的AAE。(4)PM2.5，BC和总粒子数（PN）浓度随海拔的增加而下降，在强烈的逆温条件下，下降幅度更大。(5)移动的采样揭示了ALPACA研究的多个固定站点之间重要的空气污染物浓度差异，并展示了增加移动的采样以了解大型城市空气质量实地活动的空间背景的实用性。这些结果对于了解FNSB居民的PM暴露和ALPACA研究的空间背景都很重要。
Fairbanks-North Star Borough (FNSB), Alaska perennially experiences some of the worst wintertime air quality in the United States. FNSB was designated as a “serious” nonattainment area by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 2017 for excessive fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations. The ALPACA (Alaskan Layered Pollution And Chemical Analysis) field campaign was established to understand the sources of air pollution, pollutant transformations, and the meteorological conditions contributing to FNSB's air quality problem. We performed on-road mobile sampling during ALPACA to identify and understand the spatial patterns of PM across the study domain, which contained multiple stationary field sites and regulatory measurement sites. Our measurements demonstrate the following: (1) both the between-neighborhood and within-neighborhood variations in PM2.5 concentrations and composition are large (>10 μg m−3). (2) Spatial variations of PM in Fairbanks are tightly connected to meteorological conditions; dramatic between-neighborhood differences exist during strong temperature inversion conditions, but are significantly reduced during weaker temperature inversions, where atmospheric conditions are more well mixed. (3) During strong inversion conditions, total PM2.5 and black carbon (BC) are tightly spatially correlated and have high absorption Ångstrom exponent values (AAE > 1.4), but are relatively uncorrelated during weak inversion conditions and have lower AAE. (4) PM2.5, BC, and total particle number (PN) concentrations decreased with increasing elevation, with the fall-off being more dramatic during strong temperature inversion conditions. (5) Mobile sampling reveals important air pollutant concentration differences between the multiple fixed sites of the ALPACA study, and demonstrates the utility of adding mobile sampling for understanding the spatial context of large urban air quality field campaigns. These results are important for understanding both the PM exposure for residents of FNSB and the spatial context of the ALPACA study.