Temporal progression of anaerobic fungal communities in dairy calves from birth to maturity
Temporal progression of anaerobic fungal communities in dairy calves from birth to maturity
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DOI：
10.1111/1462-2920.16443
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发表时间：
2023-06-12
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Youssef，Noha H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jones，Adrienne L.;Clayborn，Jordan;Youssef，Noha H.
在新生牛犊中建立微生物群落对它们的生长和整体健康至关重要。虽然这一过程已经受到了相当多的关注，但我们对犊牛体内厌氧肠道真菌（AGF）的时间进展知之甚少。在这里，我们检测了在断奶前（1-48天）、断奶（48-60天）和断奶后（60-360天）的24个不同时间点收集的6头奶牛粪便样本中的AGF群落。定量聚合酶链反应表明，AGF定殖发生在出生后24小时内，在断奶前和断奶期间负荷缓慢增加，然后在断奶后急剧增加。培养无关扩增子调查发现，与断奶后相比，断奶前/断奶期间α多样性更高。断奶后，AGF群落结构发生了剧烈的变化，从富含后肠发酵罐中常见属的群落转变为富含成年反刍动物中常见属的群落。犊牛出生后第1天与其母亲之间的AGF群落比较表明，母体传播起主要作用，同居受试者也有其他输入。与细菌相比，这种独特的AGF发展模式可以最好地理解为它们更窄的生态位偏好、代谢专业化和生理优化，因此在成熟过程中引发了对摄食模式变化和相关结构GIT发育的独特反应。
Establishment of microbial communities in neonatal calves is vital for their growth and overall health. While this process has received considerable attention for bacteria, our knowledge on temporal progression of anaerobic gut fungi (AGF) in calves is lacking. Here, we examined AGF communities in faecal samples from six dairy cattle collected at 24 different time points during the pre‐weaning (days 1–48), weaning (days 48–60), and post‐weaning (days 60–360) phases. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction indicated that AGF colonisation occurs within 24 h after birth, with loads slowly increasing during pre‐weaning and weaning, then drastically increasing post‐weaning. Culture‐independent amplicon surveys identified higher alpha diversity during pre‐weaning/weaning, compared to post‐weaning. AGF community structure underwent a drastic shift post‐weaning, from a community enriched in genera commonly encountered in hindgut fermenters to one enriched in genera commonly encountered in adult ruminants.Comparison of AGF community between calves day 1 post‐birth and their mothers suggest a major role for maternal transmission, with additional input from cohabitating subjects. This distinct pattern of AGF progression could best be understood in‐light of their narrower niche preferences, metabolic specialisation, and physiological optima compared to bacteria, hence eliciting a unique response to changes in feeding pattern and associated structural GIT development during maturation.