The transcription factor Engrailed-2 guides retinal axons.

The transcription factor Engrailed-2 guides retinal axons.
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DOI:
10.1038/nature04110
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发表时间:
2005-11-03
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
Holt, C
Holt, C
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Brunet, I;Weinl, C;Piper, M;Trembleau, A;Volovitch, M;Harris, W;Prochiantz, A;Holt, C

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Engrailed-2(En-2)是一种同源结构域转录因子,在发育中的中脑中以尾侧到喙侧的梯度表达,在视顶盖(地形视网膜输入的目标)的形成中起指导作用。除了通过其DNA结合结构域在调节基因表达中的众所周知的作用之外,En-2还可能在细胞-细胞通信中起作用,如参与核输出、分泌和内化的其他结构域的存在所表明的。与这种可能性相一致,在这里,我们报告说,En-2蛋白的外部梯度强烈排斥非洲爪蟾轴突从颞视网膜的生长锥,相反,吸引鼻轴突。标记的En-2在暴露的几分钟内在生长锥内积累,并且不能进入细胞的蛋白质的突变形式不能引起轴突转向。一旦内化,En-2刺激参与翻译起始的蛋白质的快速磷酸化,并引发新蛋白质的局部合成。此外,在En-2的存在下,鼻和颞部生长锥的转向反应被蛋白质合成的抑制剂阻断。这里报道的鼻和颞轴突的差异指导表明,En-2可能直接参与脊椎动物视觉系统中地形图的形成。
Engrailed-2 (En-2), a homeodomain transcription factor, is expressed in a caudal-to-rostral gradient in the developing mid-brain, where it has an instructive role in patterning the optic tectum—the target of topographic retinal input. In addition to its well-known role in regulating gene expression through its DNA-binding domain, En-2 may also have a role in cell–cell communication, as suggested by the presence of other domains involved in nuclear export, secretion and internalization. Consistent with this possibility, here we report that an external gradient of En-2 protein strongly repels growth cones of Xenopus axons originating from the temporal retina and, conversely, attracts nasal axons. Fluorescently tagged En-2 accumulates inside growth cones within minutes of exposure, and a mutant form of the protein that cannot enter cells fails to elicit axon turning. Once internalized, En-2 stimulates the rapid phosphorylation of proteins involved in translation initiation and triggers the local synthesis of new proteins. Furthermore, the turning responses of both nasal and temporal growth cones in the presence of En-2 are blocked by inhibitors of protein synthesis. The differential guidance of nasal and temporal axons reported here suggests that En-2 may participate directly in topographic map formation in the vertebrate visual system.
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.50.4.703
发表时间: 1963-01-01
影响因子: 11.1
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