Mineral dust cycle in the Multiscale Online Nonhydrostatic AtmospheRe CHemistry model (MONARCH) Version 2.0
Mineral dust cycle in the Multiscale Online Nonhydrostatic AtmospheRe CHemistry model (MONARCH) Version 2.0
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DOI：
10.5194/gmd-2021-32
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发表时间：
2021-04
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
M. Klose;O. Jorba;María Gonçalves Ageitos;J. Escribano;M. L. Dawson;Vincenzo Obiso;Enza Di Tomaso;S. Basart;Gilbert Montané Pinto;F. Macchia;P. Ginoux;J. Guerschman;C. Prigent;Yue Huang;J. Kok;Ronald L. Miller;C. Pérez García-Pando
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作者：
M. Klose;O. Jorba;María Gonçalves Ageitos;J. Escribano;M. L. Dawson;Vincenzo Obiso;Enza Di Tomaso;S. Basart;Gilbert Montané Pinto;F. Macchia;P. Ginoux;J. Guerschman;C. Prigent;Yue Huang;J. Kok;Ronald L. Miller;C. Pérez García-Pando
抽象的。我们在多尺度在线非静水力大气化学模型 (MONARCH) 2.0 版中展示了灰尘模块，这是一种化学天气预报系统，可用于各种分辨率的区域和全球建模。 MONARCH 中粉尘过程的表示进行了升级，重点关注粉尘排放（排放参数化、夹带阈值、土壤湿度和地表覆盖的考虑）、较低边界条件（粗糙度、潜在粉尘源）以及粉尘-辐射相互作用。 MONARCH 现在允许使用根本不同的范式对全球和区域矿物粉尘循环进行建模，范围从高度简化到基于物理的参数化。我们详细描述了这些更新以及四个全球基准模拟，这些模拟使用概念上不同的灰尘排放参数化，并且我们根据灰尘光学深度的观察来评估模拟。我们确定关键的灰尘参数，例如全球年排放/沉积通量、灰尘负荷、灰尘光学深度、大规模消光效率、单散射反照率、直接辐射效应。通过我们的四次实验获得的年粉尘排放总量和沉积通量范围约为 3,500 至 6,000 Tg，这在很大程度上取决于排放尺寸分布的差异。考虑到椭圆体颗粒形状和尘埃折射率（考虑尺寸分辨矿物学），我们估计表面的全球总（长波和短波）尘埃直接辐射效应（DRE）范围约为-0.90至-0.63 W m−2，大气顶部范围约为-0.20至-0.28 W m−2。我们的评估表明，MONARCH 能够重现全球尘埃循环时空变化的关键特征，并在不同配置之间具有重要且富有洞察力的差异。
Abstract. We present the dust module in the Multiscale Online Non-hydrostatic AtmospheRe CHemistry model (MONARCH) Version 2.0, a chemical weather prediction system that can be used for regional and global modeling at a range of resolutions. The representations of dust processes in MONARCH were upgraded with a focus on dust emission (emission parameterizations, entrainment thresholds, considerations of soil moisture and surface cover), lower boundary conditions (roughness, potential dust sources), and dust--radiation interactions. MONARCH now allows modeling of global and regional mineral dust cycles using fundamentally different paradigms, ranging from strongly simplified to physics-based parameterizations. We present a detailed description of these updates along with four global benchmark simulations, which use conceptually different dust emission parameterizations, and we evaluate the simulations against observations of dust optical depth. We determine key dust parameters, such as global annual emission/deposition flux, dust loading, dust optical depth, mass-extinction efficiency, single-scattering albedo, direct radiative effects. The total annual dust emission and deposition fluxes obtained with our four experiments, range between about 3,500 and 6,000 Tg, which largely depend upon differences in the emitted size distribution. Considering ellipsoidal particle shapes and dust refractive indices that account for size-resolved mineralogy, we estimate the global total (longwave and shortwave) dust direct radiative effect (DRE) at the surface to range between about −0.90 and −0.63 W m−2 and at the top of the atmosphere between −0.20 and −0.28 W m−2. Our evaluation demonstrates that MONARCH is able to reproduce key features of the spatio-temporal variability of the global dust cycle with important and insightful differences between the different configurations.