Impaired Activation in Cognitive Control Regions Predicts Reversal Learning in Schizophrenia
Impaired Activation in Cognitive Control Regions Predicts Reversal Learning in Schizophrenia
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DOI：
10.1093/schbul/sbv075
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发表时间：
2016-03-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Barch, Deanna M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Culbreth, Adam J.;Gold, James M.;Barch, Deanna M.
强化学习缺陷与精神分裂症(SZ)有关。然而，引起这些异常的病理生理学仍不清楚。为了解决这个问题，SZ患者(N=58)和对照组(CN；N=36)在功能磁共振成像扫描期间完成了概率反转学习范式。在任务中，参与者在两种刺激中进行选择。最初，1个刺激经常得到奖励(80%)；另一个刺激不经常得到奖励(20%)。奖励偶然性周期性地反转，因为参与者学习到了更有回报的刺激。结果表明，SZ患者较CN患者获得的逆转更少，并且表现出更少的Winstay-Losesft决策行为。与Winstay试验相比，SZ患者在与认知控制和纹状体区域广泛相关的大脑区域网络中，表现出比CN更低的血氧水平依赖激活。重要的是，群体成员和行为之间的关系是通过认知控制区活动的变化来调节的，而不是纹状体。这些发现表明，认知控制网络在深圳价值表征的使用和更新中起着重要的调节作用。这样的结果为进一步的研究提供了生物学目标，因为研究人员试图更好地描述SZ的决策神经回路，以此作为发现新的干预途径的手段。
Reinforcement learning deficits have been associated with schizophrenia (SZ). However, the pathophysiology that gives rise to these abnormalities remains unclear. To address this question, SZ patients (N = 58) and controls (CN; N = 36) completed a probabilistic reversal-learning paradigm during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. During the task, participants choose between 2 stimuli. Initially, 1 stimulus was frequently rewarded (80%); the other was infrequently rewarded (20%). The reward contingencies reversed periodically because the participant learned the more rewarded stimulus. The results indicated that SZ patients achieved fewer reversals than CN, and demonstrated decreased winstay-loseshift decision-making behavior. On loseshift compared to winstay trials, SZ patients showed reduced Blood Oxygen Level Dependent activation compared to CN in a network of brain regions widely associated with cognitive control, and striatal regions. Importantly, relationships between group membership and behavior were mediated by alterations in the activity of cognitive control regions, but not striatum. These findings indicate an important role for the cognitive control network in mediating the use and updating of value representations in SZ. Such results provide biological targets for further inquiry because researchers attempt to better characterize decision-making neural circuitry in SZ as a means to discover new pathways for interventions.