Browsing regime and growth response of Abies alba saplings planted along light gradients
Browsing regime and growth response of Abies alba saplings planted along light gradients
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沿光梯度种植的白冷杉树苗的浏览方式和生长响应
DOI：
10.1007/s10342-014-0834-2
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
H. Bugmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Kupferschmid;U. Wasem;H. Bugmann
从管理和保护的角度来看，银杉是欧洲山地森林中非常理想的树种，而且对于有蹄类动物来说也非常适口。我们沿着自然光梯度种植冷杉树苗，探索自然浏览下：（1）在没有浏览的情况下，树苗生长最好的光照条件； (2) 何时以及由哪些有蹄类动物物种采食哪些树苗； (3) 在什么条件下，树苗对啃食的反应最强烈。该实验在瑞士森林中进行，使用四个围栏地块，每个地块包含约 30 棵 2001 年种植的树苗，2009 年种植的树苗高度在 17 至 100 厘米之间。对于一半的树苗，允许浏览并在 2009 年 4 月至 2010 年 1 月期间进行拍摄。在更多光照下，树苗生长得更好（树冠开放度为 13%，而不是 10%）。浏览并不是每棵树苗的单一事件，而是冬季的一个连续过程。几乎所有暴露于啃食的树苗都遭受了羚羊和马鹿的大量啃食，但没有观察到狍子啃食。在 13% 的树冠开放度下，其余的被浏览的芽更长并且包含更多的芽。在所有光照条件下，被浏览和未浏览的树木之间由浏览引起的高度差异随着时间的推移而增加，并且在浏览后的几年中几乎没有测量到直径的增长。在浏览严重的情况下，旨在让更多光线进入的管理并不会带来更好的浏览容忍度。因此，我们建议将“进食强度”纳入浏览评估中。
Silver fir is a highly desirable species in European mountain forests from a management and conservation point of view, but it is also highly palatable for ungulates. We plantedAbies albasaplings along natural light gradients to explore under natural browsing: (1) the light conditions under which saplings grow best in the absence of browsing; (2) when and by which ungulate species which saplings are browsed; and (3) under which conditions saplings react most vigorously to browsing. The experiment was carried out in a Swiss forest using four fenced plots each containing about 30 saplings planted in 2001, which were between 17 and 100 cm tall in 2009. For half of the saplings, browsing was allowed and filmed from April 2009 to January 2010. Saplings grew better with more light (13 % rather than 10 % canopy openness). Browsing was not a single event per sapling but a continuous process during the winter months. Almost all saplings exposed to browsing suffered heavy browsing by chamois and red deer, but no roe deer browsing was observed. The remainder of the browsed shoots were longer and contained more buds under 13 % canopy openness. The browsing-induced height differences between browsed and unbrowsed trees increased over time under all light conditions, and almost no diameter growth was measured in the years after browsing. In cases with severe browsing, management aimed at letting in more light does not lead to a substantially better tolerance of browsing. We thus recommend integrating the “feeding strength” in the assessment of browsing.